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Tuesday, May 4, 2021

Christianity and Islam

I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

1. The birth place of Jesus Christ is

2. The place of Jesus’ crucification is

3. The birth place of Mohammad Paigamber is

4. The holy book of Islam is

5. The successors of Mohammad Paigambar are known as .

6. was the first Khalif.

7. Islam originated in

8. The holy book of Christianity is

Answer:- (1) Bethlehem (2) Golgotha (3) Mecca (4) Quran (5) Khalifs. (6) Aboobakar (7) Arabia (8) ‘Bible’

II. Discuss with your friends and write answers to the following Questions.

1. Write a note on the life of Jesus Christ.

• Jesus Christ was born into a poor family of

Joseph and Mary at Bethlehem village near

Jerusalem.

• He did not get proper education. Despite this he acquired a lot of religious knowledge.

• At the age of thirty he came under the influence of John Baptist and was baptized by him.

• He enlightened the people in distress by divine teachings and made them psychologically strong.

• This made him very popular among the people and he was known as a messiah or the saviour of the people.

• Gradually people considered him as a godly man. The priestly class of Jews opposed this.

• They complained against Jesus Christ to the governor of Roman Empire Pontius Pilate, charging him of treason.

• After the trial he was taken to Golgotha on a

Friday and crucified on the cross.

2. List the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Jesus Christ’s preachings are:

1. God is one and he is most merciful. He is the creator of entire creation.

2. Everyone should develop brotherhood feelings about others.

3. Loving the people in distress is equal to worshipping God.

4. One should serve others without expecting anything from them.

5. Serving people is equal to the worship of God.

6. If one repents for his mistakes God will forgive him.

7. Love your enemy. Do well to the people who try to harm you.

3. How did Christianity expand?

• After the crucifixion of Christ, his disciples were tortured. Some of them were crucified.

• During the time of Emperor Constantine, Christianity was adopted as the State Religion.

• Subsequently, Christianity spread throughout

Europe.

• Today, Christian Churches are found throughout the world and have a large number of followers.

4. Write a note on the life of Mohammad

Paigambar.

• The Mohammad Paigambar was born in 570

C.E at Mecca His parents were Abdulla and

Ameena.

• He lost his parents during his childhood and was brought up by his uncle.

• In Mecca he married widow Khadijah. They had two sons and four daughters.

• He started meditating deeply for long hours on

Mount Heera and he achieved enlightment.

• Soon, his principles became very popular among people. This known as ‘Quran’.

• When Paigambar opposed polytheism people of Mecca conspired to murder him.

• He travelled from Mecca to Madina when he became aware of this in C.E 622(Hijra).

• The people of Madina welcomed him, and they defeated the people of Mecca.

• Paigambar came back to Mecca. Finally they also became the followers of the religion propagated by Paigambar Gradually his principles spread all over the Arab region. Paigambar died in C.E 632.

5. What is Hijra?

When Paigambar opposed polytheism strongly,

the enraged people of Mecca conspired to murder him. He travelled from Mecca to Madina when he became aware of this in C.E 622. This incident is known as Hijra (the departure)

6. What are the teachings of Islam?

The teachings of Islam are-

1. God is one. A simple prayer is enough to win the heart of the God.

2. One should lead an honest and principled life and should keep away from all the bad habits.

3. One should have respect for women and compassion for the poor and weak.

7. Name the five important rituals of Islam.

Islam follows five important rituals.

1. Kalima – Belief only in Allah. Mohammad is

his prophet.

2. Namaz - Prayer for Allah for five times a day.

3. Roza- Fasting in the month of Ramazan.

4. Zakath- Definite sum to be spared in the income to give to the poor.

5. Haj - Pilgrimage to Mecca once in lifetime.

8. What are the main Contributions of Islam?

After accepting Islam, Arabs have been known

for the following contributions.

1. Medicine for Measles and other diseases and books on medicine.

2. New inventions in Science and Mathematics

3. The spread of knowledge built by Medieval

Arab and Persia in the field of Geography and

Astronomy to other parts of the world.

4. Islam influenced the art and architecture. The features of Islamic architecture can be seen in the buildings built in Roman, Byzantine and Persian empires.

9. Name the main sects in Islam.

The most important sects of Islam are Shia and

Sunni.

10. Name the main sects in Islam. Contributions of Christianity

1. Christianity has taught the noble principles of

peace and brotherhood to the world.

2. The educational centres established by Churches and missionaries have played a significant role in the growth of education.

3. Christianity has introduced the Gothic style in architecture.

4. Missionaries have extended health services all over the world.

5. Women and weaker sections have been largely benefitted by the education. This has brought qualitative changes in the society. It is known as empowerment.

11. Name the main sects in Islam.

The most important sects of Christianity are- 1) Catholics 2) Protestants.

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Christianity and Islam

inyatrust Tuesday, May 4, 2021 notes

May 04, 2021

Christianity and Islam I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. 1. The birth place of Jesus Christ is 2. The place of Jesus’ crucif...

Intext Exercise 1

Question 1:

Which of the following are matter?

Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold drink, smell of perfume.

Solution 1:

Matter always occupies some space and mass. It can exist in 3 physical states:

• Solid,

• Liquid and

• Gas.

Matter Reason

Chair, almond Solid state of matter

Cold drink Liquid state of matter

Air, smell of perfume (perfume particles in

air) Gaseous states of matter

Love, hate, cold, smell and thought are sensations, so they are not considered as matter.

Question 2:

Give reasons for the following observation:

The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several metres away, but to get the smell from cold food you have to go close.

Solution 2:

The rate of diffusion increases with increase in temperature due to the increase in the kinetic energy of solid food particles diffused in air. The kinetic energy of hot food particles is high as compared to cold food. Thus, the smell of hot sizzling food reaches us even at a distance, but to get the smell from cold food you have to go close.

Question 3:

A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does this observation show?

Solution 3:

One of the characteristics of matter is particles of matter attract each other. The force of attraction between the particles is in the order:

Solid>Liquid> Gas

Thus, liquid particles have less force of attraction between them, so we can cut the force of attraction easily. And there is also space in between the particles of matter. That is why, a diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool.

Question 4:

What are the characteristics of particles of matter?

Solution 4:

Any matter has some characteristics like:

(i) Particles of matter have space between them. (ii) Particles of matter are continuously moving. (iii) Particles of mater attract each other.

Intext Exercise 2

Question 1:

The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density (density = mass/volume). Arrange the following in order of increasing density − air, exhaust from chimney, honey, water, chalk, cotton, and iron.

Solution 1:

The order of increasing density of the given matters is:

Air < Exhaust from chimney < Cotton < Water < Honey < Chalk < Iron

Question 2:

(a) Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter.

(b) Comment upon the following: rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filling a gas container, shape, kinetic energy, and density.

Solution 2:

(a) The differences in the characteristics of states of matter:

S. No. Solid state Liquid state Gaseous state

1. It has definite shape and

volume. It has no definite shape, but

has definite volume.

Liquids attain the shape of the vessel in which they are kept. It neither has a definite

shape nor a definite volume.

2. It is incompressible It is compressible to a small

extent. It is highly

compressible.

3. The force of attraction between the particles of solids is highest. The force of attraction between liquid particles is less than solid particles but greater than gas particles. The force of attraction between the gaseous particles is least.

5. Particles of solid cannot

move freely. Liquid particles move

freely. Gaseous particles are in

a continuous and random motion.

(b) Rigidity: The tendency of matter to resist a change in shape.

Compressibility: The ability to reduce in volume when force is applied.

Fluidity: It is the ability of matter to flow. Only liquid and gases can flow and are called fluid.

Filling a gas container: Gases do not have definite shape and volume. Gases take the shape of the container in which filled. By filling a gas container, it means the attainment of shape of the container by the gas.

Shape: It means a definite boundary. Only solids have definite volume. Kinetic energy: The energy possessed by a particle due to its motion. Density: Mass per unit volume.

Question 3:

Give reasons:

(a) A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept. (b) A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container. (c) A wooden table should be called a solid.

(d) We can easily move our hand in air, but to do the same through a solid block of wood, we need a karate expert.

Solution 3:

(a) The gas particles move freely in all directions due to less force of attraction between the particles. Gas takes the shape of the container in which it is kept. Therefore, gas completely fills the vessel.

(b) The gas particles move freely in all directions due to less force of attraction between the particles. These gaseous particles continuously collide among themselves and they also hit the walls of the container with a greater force. Pressure is defined as the force exerted by the gas particles per unit area. Thus, gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.

(c) A wooden table has a definite shape and volume. It is very rigid and its shape cannot be changed easily i.e., it has the characteristics of a solid. Hence, a wooden table should be considered as a solid.

(d) Air particles have large space in between them due to the least force of attraction between the particles. Whereas, wood has little space between the particles due to high force of attraction between the particles. Wood is rigid. For this reason, we can easily move our hands in air, but to do the same through a solid block of wood, we need a karate expert.

Question 4:

Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must have observed that ice floats on water. Find out why.

Solution 4:

Density is mass per unit volume of a substance.

As the volume of a substance increases, its density decreases.

Though ice is a solid, it has large number of empty spaces in its structure.

These empty spaces are larger as compared to the spaces present between the particles of water. For this reason, the volume of ice is greater than that of water. Higher the volume, lesser will be the density. Hence, the density of ice is less than that of water.

Intext Exercise 3

Question 1:

Convert the following temperature to Celsius scale: (a) 300 K

(b) 573 K

Solution 1:

X °C = (X + 273) K

(a) 300 K = (300 −273) °C = 27°C (b) 573 K = (573 −273) °C= 300°C

Question 2:

What is the physical state of water at: (a) 250°C

(b) 100°C

Solution 2:

(a) Boiling point of water = 100°C, above this temperature water exists in gaseous state. Thus, water at 250°C exists in gaseous state.

(b) At 100°C, water exists in both liquid and gaseous states.

Question 3:

For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant during the change of state?

Solution 3:

During a change of state, the temperature remains constant. This is because all the heat supplied to increase the temperature, is utilised to supply latent heat of vapourisation which does not contribute to increase the temperature of the substance.

Question 4:

Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.

Solution 4:

Atmospheric gases can be liquefied by applying pressure and reducing the temperature. Intext Exercise 4

Question 1:

Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day?

Solution 1:

During evaporation, the liquid particles absorb energy from the surroundings which causes the cooling effect. The rate of evaporation depends on the amount of water vapour present in air or humidity. If the amount of water vapour present in air is less, then rate of evaporation will be more. On a hot dry day, the amount of water vapour present in air is less. Thus, water present inside the desert cooler evaporates rapidly, and it cools the surroundings more easily. Therefore, a desert cooler cools better on a hot dry day.

Question 2:

How does water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during summers?

Solution 2:

An earthen pot consists of many tiny pores through which the liquid inside the pot

evaporates. That makes the water inside the pot cool. In this way, water kept in an earthen pot became cool during summers.

Question 3:

Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it?

Solution 3:

Organic compounds like acetone or petrol or perfume are volatile in nature. When we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on our palm, it evaporates. During evaporation, particles of these organic liquids absorb energy from the surroundings or the surface of the palm

making the surroundings or surface of the palm cool. Hence, our palm feels cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it.

Question 4:

Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer than a cup?

Solution 4:

Hot tea or milk has a larger surface area in a saucer than in a cup. Rate of evaporation is faster in case of greater surface area. Thus, the liquid cools faster in a saucer than in a cup. For this reason, we are able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer than a cup.

Question 5:

What type of clothes should we wear in summers?

Solution 5:

In summer, we should wear cotton clothes because cotton clothes can absorb more sweat from our body and exposes the liquid to the atmosphere, making evaporation faster. During this evaporation, particles on the surface of the liquid gain energy from our body surface, making the body cool.

NCERT Exercise

Question 1:

Convert the following temperatures to Celsius scale. (a) 300 K

(b) 573 K Solution 1: K= – 273°C

(a) 300 K = (300 − 273) °C = 27 °C

(b) 573 K = (573 − 273) °C = 300 °C

Question 2:

Convert the following temperatures to Kelvin scale. (a) 25°C

(b) 373°C

Solution 2:

0°C = 273 K

(a) 25 °C = (25 + 273) K = 298 K (b) 373°C = (373 + 273) K= 646 K

Question 3:

Give reason for the following observations.

(a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid. (b) We can get the smell of perfume sitting several metres away. Solution 3:

(a) Few substances undergo sublimation easily at room temperature. Such as naphthalene balls changes state from solid to gas takes place easily. Thus, naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.

(b) Gaseous particles possess high kinetic energy. Particles of perfume diffuse into these gaseous particles at a very faster rate and reach to our nose. This enables us to smell the perfume from a distance.

Question 4:

Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces of attraction between particles

− water, sugar, oxygen.

Solution 4:

The increasing order of forces of attraction between particles of matter is: Solid>Liquid>Gas

Water = Liquid, Sugar = Solid, Oxygen = Gas.

Thus, the increasing order of forces of attraction between the particles of water, sugar and oxygen is

Oxygen < Water < Sugar

Question 5:

What is the physical state of water at: (a) 25°C

(b) 0°C

Solution 5:

(a) Melting point of water = 0°C

At 25°C, water exists in the liquid state.

(b) At 0 °C, water can exist as both solid and liquid. At this temperature, ice starts changing into its liquid form i.e., water.

(c) Boiling point of water =100 °C. At 100 °C, water can exist as both liquid and gas. At this temperature, water starts changing from its liquid state to its gaseous state, i.e., water vapours/steam.

Question 6:

Give two reasons to justify:

(a) water at room temperature is a liquid.

(b) an iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.

Solution 6:

(a) At room temperature (25 °C), water is a liquid due to few characteristics of liquid, such as:

(i) Water has no shape but has a fixed volume. It takes the shape of the container in which it is kept.

(ii) Water can flow.

(b) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature (25 °C) due to few characteristics of solid: (i) it has a definite shape and volume like a solid.

(ii) it is rigid as solid.

Question 7:

Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature?

Solution 7:

Both ice and water are at same temperature 273 K. But ice at 273 K has less energy than

water because water possesses the additional energy of latent heat of fusion. Hence, at 273 K, ice is more effective in cooling than water.

Question 8:

What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?

Solution 8:

Both steam and water are at same temperature 373 K. But steam has more energy than boiling water because it possesses the additional energy of latent heat of vapourisation. Therefore, steam produces more severe burns than boiling water.

Question 9:

Name A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram showing change in its state.

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9th std science chapter 1 notes in english version 2020-21

inyatrust notes

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Intext Exercise 1 Question 1: Which of the following are matter? Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold drink, smell of...

Chapter 13 – Why Do We Fall Ill

State any two conditions essential for good health.

Solution:

Two conditions essential for good health are:

● A person should have better health facilities to deal with problems.

● Basic necessary conditions to stop diseases must be present.

Question 2:

State any two conditions essential for being free of disease.

Solution:

The two conditions essential for being free of diseases are:

● Personal hygiene and cleanliness.

● Eating balanced diet and nutritious food.

Question 1:

List any three reasons why you would think that you are sick and ought to see a doctor. If only one of these symptoms were present, would you still go to the doctor? Why or why not? Solution:

Headache, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, etc., are the symptoms that make us feel that we are sick and must visit a doctor. It will be difficult for us to predict the kind of disease and end up visiting the doctor so that the disease can be treated with proper medication.

However, if only one of these symptoms is present, we usually do not visit a doctor. This is because such symptoms do not have much effect on our general health and ability to work. However, if a person is experiencing these symptoms for quite regularly, then he needs to visit a doctor for proper treatment because that may be a symptom of severe disease.

Question 2:

In which of the following case do you think the long-term effects on your health are likely to be most unpleasant?

a. If you get jaundice, b. If you get lice,

c. If you get acne. Why?

Solution:

If we get jaundice it will be most unpleasant as it is a chronic disease and can cause long-term effects on our health. Lice and acne can be cured by using medicated shampoo and proper cleanliness respectively.

Question 1:

Why we are normally advised to take bland and nourishing food when we are sick?

Solution:

When we are sick our body will be weak, by consuming bland and nourishing food we can get the nutrients and energy quickly to fight the disease-causing agents. Oil and spices will be difficult to digest because our metabolic system is weak.

Question 2:

What are the different means by which infectious diseases are spread?

Solution:

● Diseases can be spread through various means such as air, water, sexual contact, blood and vector.

● Through air - This occurs through the little droplets thrown out by an infected person who sneezes or coughs. For example, tuberculosis, pneumonia, etc. spread through the air.

● Through water - This occurs if the excreta from someone suffering from an infectious gut disease, such as cholera, get mixed with the drinking water used by people living nearby.

● Through physical contact - Sexual act is one of the closest physical contact two people

can have with each other.

● Blood transfusion - Certain diseases such as AIDS can spread via the blood to blood contact during a blood transfusion or pregnancy.

● Through vectors - Diseases can spread through vectors. For example, mosquitoes spread

malaria.

Question 3:

What precautions can you take in your school to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases?

Solution:

● Cover mouth or nose while sneezing.

● To make sure that water is not stagnant to avoid the breeding of mosquitoes.

● Drinking filtered or purified water to avoid the spread of water-borne diseases.

Question 4:

What is immunization?

Solution:

Immunization is a process of protecting the body from communicable diseases by administration of the agent that mimics the microbe.

Question 5:

What are the immunization programmes available at the nearest health centre in your locality? Which of these diseases are the major health problems in your area?

Solution:

The immunization programmes available are DPT, polio vaccine, Hepatitis B, MMR, jaundice, typhoid, etc.

(Answers may vary)

Question 1:

How many times did you fall ill in the last year? What were the illnesses?

a. Think of one change you could make in your habits in order to avoid any of /most of the above illnesses.

b. Think of one change you would wish for in your surroundings in order to avoid any of/most of the above illnesses.

Solution:

(Answer may vary)

It depends on the immunity system of the individual. Few might fall ill several times in a year whereas others do not fall ill at all.

Illness may be fever, cold and cough etc. a. Eating fresh and healthy food.

b. Drinking boiled water.

Question 2:

A doctor/nurse/health-worker is exposed to more sick people than others in the community. Find out how she/he avoids getting sick herself/himself.

Solution:

● Keeping themselves covered while moving around an infected place.

● Wearing a mask and gloves when in contact with an infected person.

● Eating healthy and nutritious food.

● Ensuring proper cleanliness and personal hygiene.

Question 3:

Conduct a survey in your neighbourhood to find out what the three most common diseases are. Suggest three steps that could be taken by your local authorities to bring down the incidence of these diseases.

Solution:

Three most common diseases are Dengue, Typhoid, Jaundice. etc. Steps to be taken to bring down the incidence of these diseases are:

● Proper disposal of garbage

● Proper maintenance of open sewage system and canals.

● Ensuring the supply of safe drinking water.

● Providing a clean environment and preventing mosquitoes from breeding.

Question 4:

A baby is not able to tell her/his caretakers that she/he is sick. What would help us to find out

(a) That the baby is sick? (b) What is the sickness? Solution:

(a) Sickness can be determined by the behavioural changes of the baby.

(b) Sickness can be symptoms or indications which include vomiting, fever, loose motion, paleness in the body, etc.

Question 5:

Under which of the following conditions is a person most likely to fall sick? (a) When she is recovering from malaria.

(b) When she has recovered from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from chicken-

pox.

(c) When she is on a four-day fast after recovering from malaria and is taking care of someone suffering from chicken-pox. Why?

Solution:

In condition ‘C’ a person is more likely to fall sick. This is because she is fasting during recovery, and her immune system is so weak that it is not able to protect its own body from any foreign infection. If that person is taking care of someone suffering from chickenpox, then she has more chances of getting infected from the chickenpox virus and will get sick again with this disease.

Question 6:

Under which of the following conditions are you most likely to fall sick? (a) When you are taking examinations.

(b) When you have travelled by bus and train for two days. (c) When your friend is suffering from measles.

Why?

Solution:

A person is more likely to fall sick in situation “C”. This is because measles is highly communicable disease and can easily spread through air. Thus, if your friend is suffering from measles, stay away from him otherwise you might easily get infected w

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9th std science why do we fall ill notes in english version 2020-21

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Chapter 13 – Why Do We Fall Ill State any two conditions essential for good health. Solution: Two conditions essential for good health are...

Chapter 7 – Diversity in Living Organisms

Question 1:

Why do we classify organisms?

Solution:

As there are many organisms on the earth, it is important to know them. Diversity is not only between different organisms but also between different individuals of the same species. So, it will be very difficult to study each of the 30 million species one by one. Scientists, therefore, felt the need of grouping different species based on some observable similar characters. Classification of related organisms helps in the identification and study of their evolutionary relationships.

Question 2:

Give three examples of the range of variations that you see in life-forms around you.

Solution:

Examples observed in daily life are:

● Size of the different organisms which is seen from bacteria to giant trees.

● Colour, texture of the skin, size, shape and other characteristics in animals are completely different from each other.

● Mode of nutrition in animals and plants are completely different

Question 3:

Which do you think is a more basic characteristic for classifying organisms? (a) The place where they live.

(b) The kind of cells they are made of. Why?

Solution:

The kind of cells that living organisms are made up of is a more basic characteristic for classifying organisms, rather than based on their habitat. Organisms can be classified into - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes A eukaryotic cell has membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, which allows cellular processes to be carried out efficiently in isolation from each other. Organisms which do not have a clearly demarcated nucleus and other organelles would need to have their biochemical pathways organised in very different ways.

Question 2:

What is the primary characteristic on which the broad division of organisms is made?

Solution:

The primary characteristic on which the broad division of organisms is made is the nature of the cell. It is considered to be the basic characteristic for dividing all living organisms. Nature of the cell includes the presence or absence of membrane-bound organelles. Therefore, on the basis of this fundamental characteristic, we can classify all living organisms into two broad

categories of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Then, further classification is made on the basis of cellularity or modes of nutrition.

Question 3:

On what basis are plants and animals put into different categories?

Solution:

Plants and animals differ in many features such as the absence of chloroplasts, the presence of cell wall, etc. But, mode of nutrition is considered as the characteristic feature that separates animals from plants. They can be classified into - Heterotrophs (Animals) and Autotrophs (plants). Being able to produce one’s own food versus having to get food from outside would make very different body designs.

Qustion 1:

Which organisms are called primitive and how are they different from the so-called advanced organisms?

Solution:

When we connect the idea of evolution to classification, we find two groups of organisms. The first group has few organisms that have not changed much for e.g., lice and the duck- billed platypus. Whereas the second group has organisms which have acquired particular body designs by accumulating changes over a period of time. Those in the first group are frequently referred to as primitive or lower organisms, while those in the second group are called advanced or higher organisms.

Question 2:

Will advanced organisms be the same as complex organisms? Why?

Solution:

There might be a possibility that complexity in design will increase over evolutionary time, it may not be wrong to say that older organisms are simpler, while younger organisms are more complex.

Question 1:

What is the criterion for classification of organisms as belonging to kingdom Monera or

Protista?

Solution:

The criterion for the classification of organisms belonging to kingdom Monera or Protista is the presence or absence of a well-defined nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Kingdom Monera includes organisms that do not have a well-defined nucleus or membrane-bound organelles and these are known as prokaryotes. Kingdom Protista, on the other hand, includes organisms with a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and these organisms are called eukaryotes.

Question 2:

In which kingdom will you place an organism which is single-celled, eukaryotic and photosynthetic?

Solution:

Kingdom Protista

Question 3:

In the hierarchy of classification, which grouping will have the smallest number of organisms with a maximum of characteristics in common and which will have the largest number of organisms?

Solution:

A species will have the smallest number of organisms with a maximum of characteristics in common, whereas the kingdom will have the largest number of organisms.

Question 1:

Which division among plants has the simplest organisms?

Solution:

Thallophyta has the simplest organisms as this includes plants, which do not contain a well- differentiated plant body. Their body is not differentiated into roots, stems, and leaves

Question 2:

How are pteridophytes different from the phanerogams?

Solution:

Pteridophyta Phanerogams

Less differentiated reproductive organs. Well developed reproductive organs.

They produce naked embryos called spores. They produce seeds.

Example: Ferns, Marsilea, Equisetum, etc. Example: Pinus, Cycas, fir, etc.

Question 3:

How do gymnosperms and angiosperms differ from each other?

Solution:

Gymnosperm Angiosperm

Non-flowering plants Flowering plants

Naked seeds are present Seeds are enclosed inside fruits.

Pinus, Cedar, fir, Cycas, etc. are some

examples of gymnosperms. Coconut, palm, mango, etc. are some

examples of angiosperms.

Questio 1:

How do poriferan animals differ from coelenterate animals?

Solution:

Porifera Coelenterate

Mostly marine, nonmotile, and found

attached to rocks. Exclusively marine animals which either

live in colonies or have a solitary lifespan.

Cellular level of organisation. Tissue level of organisation.

Examples: Spongilla, Euplectella, etc. Examples: Hydra, sea anemone, corals, etc.

Question 2:

How do annelid animals differ from arthropods?

Solution:

Annelids Arthropods

Annelids have closed circulatory system Arthropods have an open circulatory system

The body is divided into several identical

segments. The body is divided into a few specialized

segments.

Ring like segments Jointed legs

Question 3:

What are the differences between amphibians and reptiles?

Solution:

Amphibian Reptiles

They can live both on land and water. They are completely terrestrial.

Scales are absent. Skin is covered with scales.

They lay eggs in water. They lay eggs on land.

It includes frogs, toads, and salamanders. It includes lizards, snakes, turtles,

chameleons, etc.

Question 4:

What are the differences between animals belonging to the Aves group and those in the mammalia group?

Solution:

Aves Mammals

Most birds have feathers They do not have feathers

They possess beak or bill. The beak is absent.

They lay eggs. Hence, they are oviparous. Some of them lay eggs and some give birth

to young ones. Hence, they are both oviparous and viviparous.

Mammary glands are absent They have mammary glands

Question 1:

What are the advantages of classifying organisms?

Solution:

As there are many organisms on the earth, it is important to know them. The diversity is not only between different organisms but also between different individuals of the same organism. So, it will be very difficult to study each of the 30 million species one by one. Scientists, therefore, felt the need of grouping different species based on some observable similar characters. Classification of related organisms helps in the identification and study of their evolutionary relationships.

Question 2:

How would you choose between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in classification?

Solution:

For developing a hierarchy of classification, we choose the fundamental characteristic among several other characteristics. We can classify the organism based on different characteristics. Characteristics may be a particular form or function. The basic classification can be done based on the nucleus which is prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The second to be considered for classification can be a number of cells - unicellular and multicellular.

Question 3:

Explain the basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms.

Solution:

There were many classifications done based on different characteristics of organisms. Out of all, the classification done by R.H Whittaker (1969) is accepted and widely used even today. The classification Whittaker proposed has five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. The five-kingdom classification is done on cell structure, mode and source of nutrition and body organisation.

Question 4:

What are the major divisions in the Plantae? What is the basis for these divisions?

Solution:

The major divisions in kingdom Plantae are Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.

The classification depends on the following criteria:

● Differentiated or undifferentiated plant body

● Presence or absence of vascular tissues

● With or without seeds

● Naked seeds or seeds inside fruits

Question 5:

How are the criteria for deciding divisions in plants different from the criteria for deciding the subgroups among animals?

Solution:

Criteria for deciding divisions in plants are based on - Differentiated or Undifferentiated plant body, presence or absence of vascular tissues, with or without seeds and naked seeds or seeds inside fruits whereas in animals it is broadly based on presence or absence of a notochord.

Question 6:

Explain how animals in Vertebrata are classified into further subgroups.

Solution:

Animals in Vertebrata are classified into six classes - Cyclostomata, Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia. Vertebrata is further classified into subgroups based on the exoskeleton, nature of the heart, respiration organs, reproduction, mode of living etc.

inyatrust May 04, 2021 CB Blogger Indonesia

9th std science diversity in living organisams2020-21

inyatrust notes

May 04, 2021

Chapter 7 – Diversity in Living Organisms Question 1: Why do we classify organisms? Solution: As there are many organisms on the earth, it ...

Monday, May 3, 2021

Prepared By

Ehthashamuddin. J. Sheikh, M.A., M.ED, IIST

# 116, T.K.A.R Building, G. Block, Champion Reef’s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields, Kolar District, Karnataka State.

Mobile Number: - 9738483214

Poem: - 4

The Wonderful Words

Mary O’ Neill

I. Four alternatives are given. Choose the best alternative: -

1) The words what we speak reflect …………..

A] Our inner strength B] thoughts

C] Our brightest thoughts D] our desires

2) Never let a ………. shrivel and die.

A] desire B] thought C] word D] wonderful word

3) ………….. is a wonderful game.

A] Kannada B] Hindi C] English D] Telugu

4) Shrivel means ………..

A] dry up B] clean up C] grasp D] move

5) We match the words with ……….. in our head.

A] Strength B] brightest thoughts

C] desires D] thoughts

6) Words are the food and dress of …………

A] strength B] thoughts C] gracefully D] angrily

7) ………. can free a thought.

A] desire B] strength C] love D] words

8) Groom means …………..

A] dry up B] clean up C] wrinkle D] waste away

9) Longing means ………..

A] hear B] desire C] hard D] better

10) Never let a thought shrivel and ………….

A] disappear B] good C] die D] near

11) The words that we speak reflects our own ………..

A] courage B] personality C] truth D] kindness

12) Our thoughts are prisoned behind our ………….

A] heart B] head C] eyes D] mind

II. Answer the following questions:-

1. Why should we not let our thoughts to die?

Ans.: We should not let our thoughts die because we can free our thoughts by matching the words in a wonderful game like English. Therefore, that it blooms to feed the many loveliest things.

2. What do our words reflect?

Ans.: The words that we speak reflect our inner strength and one’s own personality.

3. How do our thoughts come out clear and true?

Ans.: We match the words to the brightest thoughts in our mind. So that they come out clear and true and handsomely groomed and fed to many loveliest things.

4. How do many of the loveliest things are fed?

Ans.: We get the brightest thoughts in our head by matching the word to get it in a clear and true manner. So, that they grooms handsomely and fed for many of the loveliest things.

5. Which is the wonderful game and why?

Ans.: Poet says the never to let a thought shrivel and die. For want of a way to say, it for that

English is the wonderful game that all can play it.

6. What does we match and how?

Ans.: We match the words with the brightest thoughts in our head. So, that they come out clear and true and handsomely groomed.

7. What does the people are logging to hear?

Ans.: Words are the food and dress of thoughts. They give it its body and swing and everyone is logging today to hear some fresh and beautiful things.

8. What do the words bring out?

Ans.: The words are powered which we speak bring out our thoughts. We have to match the words with our brightest thoughts.

9. What is mean by ‘They give it its body and swing’?

Ans.: Words give the life to our thoughts. They give proper shape and movement to our thoughts that touch the heart of people.

10. According to poet what can free a thought?

Ans.: According to the poet, words can free a thought from its prison behind our eyes.

III Read each of the following extracts and answer the questions given below:

1. “English is a wonderful game”

a. Who said this?

Ans.: Mary O’ Neill said this.

b. Why did she say so?

Ans.: We can express our thoughts with the help of words. By beautiful words we speak, we can bring out our thoughts. Therefore, the poet says English is a wonderful game through this we can bring out our thoughts easily.

2. “All that you do is match the words”

a. Who does ‘You’ refer to? Ans.: ‘You’ refers to the readers.

b. Why do we match the words?

Ans.: We match the words to get brightest and clear thoughts that we are willing to say. So that they come clear and true, which others can understand?

3. “Words are the food and dress of thoughts”

a. Who said this?

Ans.: Poet Mary O’Neill said this.

b. What do we understand by this line?

Ans.: Words give the life to our thoughts they give proper shape and movement to our thoughts, which touch the heart of the people.

4. “Words can free a thought”

a. Who said this?

Ans.: Poet Mary O’Neill said this.

b. Why only words can free a thought?

Ans.: Words can free the thoughts from its prison behind our eyes. Because we can express our thoughts with the help of words so only words can free a thoughts.

5. “A Marvelous new surprise!”

a. To who was it said.

Ans.: It is said to the readers.

b. How does a marvelous surprise can be free from our mind?

Ans.: Our mind is holding a marvelous new surprise. It is prisoned behind our eyes. Through words, we can free the thoughts from our mind

**********

inyatrust May 03, 2021 CB Blogger Indonesia

9th SLE The Wonderful words (Poem)_NoRestriction

inyatrust Monday, May 3, 2021 poem

May 03, 2021

Prepared By Ehthashamuddin. J. Sheikh, M.A., M.ED, IIST # 116, T.K.A.R Building, G. Block, Champion Reef’s (P.O), Kolar Gold Fields, Kolar ...

I. Four alternatives are given. Choose the best alternative: -

1) …………….. Makes Sun shines every day.

A] Power of God B] Courage C] Pride D] Dharma

2) Drowsy means ……….

A] Extremely sad B] Sleepy C] Notice D] Fell - Down

3) Happiness is ……….

A] Desire B] Change C] Result of good conduct D] Learning

4) Yudhistira choose ………. to revive.

A] Nakula B] Sahadeva C] Arjuna D] Bhima

5) In Mahabharatha, the Pandavas lost everything in the game of ……..

A] Chees B] Dice C] Cricket D] War

6) Birth and learning do not make one a …………

A] Man B] Brahman C] Yaksha D] Yudhistira

7) Arjuna was a ……….

A] Angry man B] Foolish C] Great strength D] Great Hero

8) According to Yudhistira the friend of one who stays at home is ……..

A] Son B] Wife C] Daughter D] God

9) Nakula was …… when he got to the place and saw there was a pool.

A] Thirsty B] Glad C] Happy D] Surprised

10) Nakula dip his hand in the …………. water.

A] Fresh B] Clear C] Transparent D] Salty

11) Arjuna compelled him towards the …………

A] Magic B] Fatal C] Fresh water D] Salty water

12) After another anxious wait, Yudhistira turned to ………..

A] Arjuna B] Sahadeva C] Bhima D] Nakula

13) ……….. Rescues man in danger.

A] Courage B] Mind C] The power of God D] Dharma

14) ……….. is faster than wind.

A] Thoughts B] Anger C] Desire D] Mind

15) …….. befriends a traveller.

A] Mother B] Learning C] Dharma D] The wife

16) ……… for abandoning that man will be loved by all.

A] Pride B] Anger C] Desire D] Dharma

17) Anger giving it up, use will no longer be subjected to ………

A] Desire B] Wealth C] Sorrow D] Happiness

18) Desire getting rid of it, man becomes ……….

A] Pride B] Wealthy C] Happy D] Noble

19) Woud – Complexioned, lotus – eyed, Broad – chested and long armed ……. May arise

A] Bhima B] Nakula C] Arjuna D] Sahadeva

20) Bhima has the strength of …….. Thousand elephants.

A] Fifteen B] Sixteen C] Twenty D] Fourteen

21) According to Yudhistira mind is faster than ………

A] Rain B] Wind C] Water D] Current

22) ………. Is most dear to Yudhistira.

A] Arjuna B] Nakula C] Shadeva D] Bhima

23) The pool belongs to ………

A] Ganesha B] Krishna C] Yaksha D] Yudhistira

24) Pandavas excile was for …….. years.

A] Twelve B] Thirteen C] Ten D] Five

25) Nakula was the son of……….

A] Kunthi B] Yudhistira C] Madri D] Arjuna

26) Yudhistira saw a …… way of redeeming the situation.

A] Easy B] Possible C] Excellent D] Impossible

27) Yaksha had taken the form of………. to check the Pandavas brothers.

A] Pool B] arrows C] deer D] lion

II. Answer the following questions:-

1. Why did Pandavas grew more and more weary and thirsty?

Ans.: The Pandavas brothers wandered deep into the forest in pursuit of a deer. The sun was hot overhead and the five brothers grew more and more weary and thirsty.

2. Why did Nakula felt terribly drowsy?

Ans.: Nakula was very thirsty. He wanted to quench his thirst first so he did not heed the warning of unseen voice. He knelt down and began to drink water. At once, he began to feel terribly drowsy and he fell down.

3. How did Arjuna react when he see his brother lying dead?

Ans.: Yudhistira sent Arjuna to see whether the brothers had met with any danger. Arjuna went swiftly. He saw his brothers lying dead near the pool. Heart – broken with grief, he wanted to avenge their death.

4. Why did Yudhistira sent Arjuna to see whether the brothers had met with any danger? Ans.: When Nakula did not return for a long time, Yudhistira sent Sahadeva to see what the matter was. Sahadeva also ignored the warning; he drank the water at once dropped down. When Sahadeva too failed to return. Yudhistira sent Arjuna to see whether the brothers had met with any danger.

5. Why did Invisible voice laughed at Arjuna?

Ans.: Arjuna became very angry by hearing the voice of invisible being. Arjuna cried ‘Who are you? Come and stand up to me and I will kill you”. He shot sharp arrow in the direction of the voice. So the invisible being laughed in scorn and said’ Your arrow can’t touch me’.

6. Why did Yudhistira said the unseen voice to ask his questions.

Ans.: Yudhistira saw his brothers lying on the ground. The unseen voice warned Yudhistira. He knew that these could be none other than the words of Yaksha and guessed what had happened to his brothers. He saw a possible way of redeeming the situations. So, he said to the bodiless voice

‘Please ask your questions’.

7. What makes one a real Brahman?

Ans.: Birth and learning do not make one a Brahman good conduct alone does. However learned person may be, he will not be Brahman of he is a slave to bad habits.

8. Whom did Yudhistira wanted to revived? Why?

Ans.: Yudhistira wanted to revive Nakula. Because Kunti and Madri were the two wives of his father. Yudhistira was son of Kunti and he is alive so she is not completely bereaved so to be fair. Yudhistira asked the Madri’s son Nakula to revive.

9. How did Yudhistira described Nakula?

Ans.: Yudhistira described Nakula as woud – complexioned, lotus – eyed, broad – chested and long armed Nakula, lying like a fallen enbony tree.

10. Why did Yaksha granted all Yudhistira’s brothers would come back to life?

Ans.: Because Yaksha was pleased with Yudhistira’s impartiality and granted that all his brothers would come back to life.

11. Why did Yaksha took the form of deer?

Ans.: Yaksha, the lord of Death had taken the form of the deer and Yaksha so that he might see his son Yudhistira and test him. He embraced Yudhistira and blessed him.

12. Why did Pandavas live in forest for twelve years?

Ans.: Because Pandavas lost everything in the game of dice to the Kauravas and they had to live in forest for twelve years.

13. What is the greatest wonder in the world?

Ans.: Every day man sees creatures depart to Yama abode and yet those who remain seek to live forever.

14. Who were the Pandavas?

Ans.: The Pandavas were five brothers who had lost everything to their cousins the Kauravas in a game of dice. They had to live in exile for twelve years.

15. Who was Yaksha? Why did he take the form of dear?

Ans.: Yaksha was the ‘Lord of Death’. He had taken the form of dear. Because only a few days remained to complete the stipulated period of Pandavas exile in the forest. Therefore, he wanted to test them.

16. Why do you think Yaksha asked Yudhistira for a boon?

Ans.: Yaksha told Yudhistira the one of his dead brothers would be revived, whom he wanted to revived. He would come back to life. It was the choice that Yaksha gave Yudhistira when he answered all the questions.

17. Why did Yudhistira went near the pool?

Ans.: Because his four brothers had not returned for a long time by this he puzzled and worried of his brothers. Therefore, he went near the pool.

18. Why the Pandavas had to live in forest?

Ans.: Pandavas lost everything in the game of dice to the Kauravas and had to live in forest for

Twelve years.

19. Why Pandavas brothers wandered deep into the forest?

Ans.: During their stipulate period of exile, Pandavas had to constantly move from place to place for safety and to meet their daily needs. One day in the twelfth years, the Pandavas brothers wandered deep into the forest in pursuit of a deer.

20. If you were in the place of Arjuna, how would you react to the invisible voice? Justify your answer.

Ans.: If I was in the place of Arjuna, even I might have reacted in the same way. Because Arjuna was very thirsty and wanted to avenge his brother’s death. Therefore, he came out of his patience and followed his brothers.

III Read each of the following extracts and answer the questions given below:

1. “At a little distance I see water plants and cranes”

a. Who said this? Ans.: Nakula said this.

b. Why did he say this?

Ans.: Because the Pandavas were thirsty and Yudhistira asked Nakula to climb the tree and see, whether there is any pool or river nearby.

2. “Stop! Nakula! Do not drink”

a. Who said this? Ans.: Yaksha said this.

b. Why did he say so?

Ans.: Because the unseen voice has to test the Pandavas. Therefore, the unseen voice asked

Nakula to answer his questions before drinking water.

3. “Answer my questions before you drink the water”

a. Whom does ‘You’ refer to? Ans.: ‘You’ refers to Arjuna.

b. How did he react to this?

Ans.: Arjuna became very angry, by hearing this words and he shot sharp arrow in the direction of the voice.

4. “Who are you? Come and stand up to me and I will kill you”

a. Who said this? Ans.: Arjuna said this.

b. How did the unseen voice react to this?

Ans.: Arjuna shot sharp arrow in the direction of the voice. The invisible being laughed in scorn and said ‘Your arrows can’t touch me’

5. “Your arrows can’t touch me” a. Whom does ‘Me’ refer to? Ans.: ‘Me’ refers to Yaksha.

b. What did Arjuna do after listening to this?

Ans.: Arjuna wanted to destroy this unseen foe, but first he had to quench his terrible thirst. Therefore, he drank water and fell down dead.

6. “Dear brother, even Arjuna, the great hero hasn’t returned”

a. Who said this?

Ans.: Yudhistira said this.

b. Why did he say this?

Ans.: Yudhistira anxiously waited for Arjuna and Nakula. However, they did not return for long time. Yudhistira thought that something to his brothers.

7. “Please! Find them quickly”

a. Who said this?

Ans.: Yudhistira said this

b. Why did he want to find them quickly?

Ans.: Because Nakula, Sahadeva and Arjuna had not returned for a long time, he thought something had happened wrong and he sends Bhima to find them.

8. “Your brothers died because they did not heed my words”

a. Who said this? Ans.: Yaksha said this.

b. What was the warning given to brothers?

Ans.: Yaksha gave warning to the brothers that they must, answer is questions before they drink the water.

9. “Please ask your questions”

a. Who said this?

Ans.: Yudhistira said this.

b. Why did he say so?

Ans.: Yudhistira knew that the unseen voice is none other than Yaksha. He saw a possible way to redeeming the Yudhistira.

10. “Who accompanies a man in death?”

a. Who said this?

Ans.: Yudhistira said this.

b. What is the answer to this question?

Ans.: The answer to this question is Dharma that alone accompanies the soul in the solitary journey after death.

11. “None of your enemies will be able to discover you”

a. Whom does ‘You’ refer to? Ans.: ‘You’ refers to Yudhistir

b. Where was he at that time?

Ans.: Yaksha was at the pool in the forest with Yudhistira

****

inyatrust May 03, 2021 CB Blogger Indonesia

9th SLE The Enchanted Pool (Prose)_NoRestriction

inyatrust prose

May 03, 2021

I. Four alternatives are given. Choose the best alternative: - 1) …………….. Makes Sun shines every day. A] Power of God B] Courage ...

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT-01, 2019-20

CLASS -8TH SUBJECT: ENGLISH MARKS-40

I. Four alternatives are given for each of the following questions / incomplete statement. Only one of them is correct or most appropriate. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its letter of alphabet. 2x1=2

1. Read the given sentence and find out the part of speech of underlined word.

The beauty of Shantiniketan was beyond description. A. Noun B. Verb C. Adverb. D. Adjective

2. Find the countable noun

A. student B Milk C. air D. water

II. Do as directed. 1x6=6

3. Fill in the blank with appropriate ‘preposition’.

Mohan is very active boy. He is studying

IX standard.

4. Rearrange the following words into meaningful sentences.

A) could/lend/your/me/you/please/?/pen B)your/how/treat/parents/do/you/?

5. Fill in the blank with correct article

My brother is

intelligent boy.

6. Write the opposite of the underlined word

My school building is Modern, but my previous school building was

7. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the ones given in brackets.

A son was ..........to the king and his ....... was celebrated throughout the kingdom. (born, birth)

8. Fill in the blank with the noun form of the word given in bracket.

We have to think about the………………………of environment. (Pollute)

III. Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each: 4x2=8

9. What was Raman’s first disappointment in life?

10. How did the smaller boy behave while playing with bigger boy?

11. Why does the mother say a kind of faith prevails?

12. Why was Kaushika very angry with the bird? OR

What was the command given by the lion to the animals at the end?

IV. Answer the following question in 5-6 sentences. 1x3=3

13. How are the classes held in the afternoon in Shantiniketan?

V. Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow: 1x3=3

14. “They persuaded him to ask for more‟. a. Who are ‘They’?

b. Who was persuaded to ask for more?

c. What was the result?

VI. Answer the following question in 8-10 lines. 1x3=3

15. How does the poet describe, beauty is seen, heard, and experienced in the poem Beauty?

How does the poet convey the message that we are all one in the poem “No men are Foreign‟.

VII. Given below is a profile. Write a paragraph using the clues given below: 1x3=3

16. Name - Amar

Age - 45 years,

Height/weight - 6 feet, well built.

Residence - Mysore

Family - large, three daughters, two sons.

Education - high school dropout

Reason for his popularity - courteous, kind and honest

VIII. Quote from memory. 1x3=3

17. How doth

_ flower. OR In work

_ hands to do.

IX. Read the following map and information given below. Based on them, say whether following statements are true or false.

18. 4x½=

A. Tamilians are over 50% in the northern part of Shrilanka.

B. The east coast of Shrilanka has more Tamilians than its west coast

C. Kandy doesn’t have any sea coast.

D. The central part of Srilanka is dense with Tamilians.

X. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 4x½=2

19. You must have heard about the Hussain Sagar Lake. It is in Hyderabad. It is one of the largest man- made lakes. Hyderabad and Secunderabad are the twin cities of the state. The lake connects these cities. It was originally constructed to supply drinking water. Now it is not used as a drinking water source. People say, “This is sad. There is plenty of water. Nobody can drink it”. The lake faces a few threats. The main threat is encroachment by both private and public agencies. The lake also faces the problem of pollution. One of the locals said: “oh, sometimes it stinks horribly”. This is due to the continuous discharge of domestic wastes and industrial chemicals. Hence it is our duty to save the Hussain Sagar Lake.

a. Which are the twin cities connected by Hussain Sagar Lake?

b. Why was Hussain Sagar Lake constructed?

c. Why do people feel sad?

d. How is the lake getting polluted?

XI. Write a letter using the information given below. 1x3=3

20. Imagine that you are Ashok / Ankita studying in St. Peter’s High School, Srinagar.

Write a letter to your father about the preparation for your final exams.

Write a letter to the Head Master to conduct quiz competition.

XII. Write an essay on any one of the following. 1x2=2

21. A) Global warming B) Nationa

inyatrust May 03, 2021 CB Blogger Indonesia

8th std sl english sa1 question paper 2019-20 by lokesh

inyatrust question paper

May 03, 2021

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT-01, 2019-20 CLASS -8TH SUBJECT: ENGLISH ...

8th Second Language English

A Day in the Ashram – C.F Andrews

I. Answer the following questions.

1) Who named the School Shantiniketan?

Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore named the School

Shantiniketan.

2) When does the day in Shantiniketan begin?

The day begins long before the sunrise.

3) What is termed by Gurudev as the darling of our hearts?

Shantinikethan is termed as darling of our hearts by

Gurudev.

4) Which phrase is used in paragraph to mean both the old the young people?

The Phrase used is "old and young alike"

5) The boys in Shantinlketan get up early in the morning. Who else are the early risers?

The Choristers and the birds on the amloki groves are early risers.

II. Answer the following questions.

1) What kind of work do the boys practise in the

afternoon?

In the afternoon boys practise the work chiefly with hands as well as with the mind. Hand work is practised.

2) What are Shantinikethan boys famous for?

Shantinikethan boys are famous for their sports and games.

3) How do the boys spend evenings before they go to bed?

Before they go to bed some fairy tales are told, short

dramas are recited Gurudeva's songs are sung and different school gatherings are held.

4) Read the second Paragraph carefully what it describes is_

Ans- (b) the song of the choristers.

III. Read and discuss. Then write:

1) What is the effect of the song of the choristers on the

listeners?

The Choristers are the first to rise and they go round the Ashram singing their morning hymn, you can hear the voices in distance drawing nearer and nearer and then the sound dies away as choir passes on to another port of the Ashram and then again it comes nearer and near. The beauty of the sound in the silent morning air and the

By- SRINATHA.P.V

Am, Swamy Vivekananda Govt. Aided High School. H.Gollahalli. (9686740650)

sense of joy and reverence which it brings give peace to the soul.

2) How are the classes held in the afternoon in

Shantiniketan?

In the afternoon classes begin again but at this time the work is chiefly with hands as well as handiwork is practised and the boys own natural tastes are very soon discovered. Some prefer carpentry others prefer mechanical work others enjoy spinning and weaving others become skilled in draftsman or painters other are musicians

3) How do the boys spend their evenings in

Shantiniketan?

In the evening at sunset they return from their fields and sit down once more for a short time to meditate, in silence.

4) How are the classes at Shantiniketan different from the classes in other schools?

In other School's all the boys are made to learn certain subjects. They do not give scope for the development of natural facts. Only bookish knowledge is important. Teachers do not take interest in discovering natural talents of the students. But in Shantiniketan work of books is less. School is conducted in the open air. Boys are allowed to ask questions. Instead of 40 to 50 boys, there will be group of

8 to 10 boys. Teachers take keen interest. The boy is allowed to practise and learn in which he is interested. It may be carpentry, painting, music, spinning or weaving. The education here is the 'living education.'

5) How does Shantiniketan prepare the boys for life? The education here is the living education. Boys are taught according to their tastes and preferences. They enjoy learning and become exports in the subject of their liking. That is how Shantiniketan prepares boys for life.

IV.

8th Second Language English Notes- Srinatha.P.V. Asst Master, Kolar- 9686740650 Page 1

5) Write a paragraph describing your idea of a good school.

According to me a good school is one where boys get living education. The school should give scope to all the students to develop their natural tastes of their liking if they prefer music or spinning painting etc. They should be taught accordingly. It is better to keep the boys away from the bookish knowledge. Students must be allowed to take part in sports and game. In good school scope should be provided for meditation and boys must be allowed to ask questions to their teachers and gain knowledge. I don't want that boys in the school would be passive listeners.

'Prayer, singing hymns meditation all these should become part of education. If the instruction is given in the open air instead of classrooms boys enjoy. Education in different Handicrafts will prepare boys for their future life.

6) Write a few lines about your school using the following clues.

Our School is located in the heart of the city. The name of our School is National School. It is located near the temple of Saibaba. The building of our School is beautiful and solid. There is a beautiful garden in front of our school. There is vast playground behind the school building we play different games after school hours. There are good experienced and learned teachers in our School. They take utmost interest in teaching us. They allow us to ask questions and solve our problems. There is a big laboratory. All the facilities for experiments are available Teachers help us to conduct experiments. Students are allowed to play different games like football, Cricket, hockey, kabaddi, basketball etc. Our school is a model School; It prepares good citizens of our country.

V. 1. VOCABULARY

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the help of clues given in brackets. (Completed).

1) When you blow air into balloon it becomes bigger and

bigger.

2) As the train approaches the station the sound of its whistle becomes louder and louder.

3) If you practise harder and harder you will feel more and more confidant to solve the problems.

4) Man has been constructing taller and taller buildings in cities.

5) As you move away from a tree it looks smaller and

smaller.

V. 2. Fill in the blanks some and others (Completed).

1) You can see shining objects in the sky at night some of them are planets others are stars.

2) There are many fruits in basket some of them are mangoes others are bananas.

3) After the bell some boys went out to play others went home.

4) There are a few books on the table some of them are

text books others are not.

5) Some of the apples in the basket are good others are bad.

V. 3. Fill in the blanks choosing appropriate towards from the words given in brackets.

Last week I went to shop to buy, a pair of trousers. I bought one and returned home. When I tried to wear it, I found that it was rather loose so I went to the shop in hurry. But he shop keeper was out. So I had to wait for half an hour. When he returned, I shouted at him "see how big it is. It fights an elephant." He replied coolly looking at my pot belly. Therefore we offered it to you sir.

V.A. Fill the the blanks using antonyms of the word in italics. (completed)

1) Krishna was rich king while his friend was a poor man.

2) Madanika is tall bat her brothers is short.

3) Radhika is strong but her sister is week.

4) Silk is soft iron is hard.

5) I can remember stories but forget lessons.

V. 5. Classify the following Into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes suffixes Mislead Useless

Non-cooperation tasteful Antisocial developments Incorrect unable

ex minister childish purpose declaration Subdivision friendship Submissive

V.6. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prefixes choosing

from the ones given above (vs)

1) The School re-opens on June 1.

2) Menish eats meat. He is a non-Vegetarian.

3) Terrorists are anti-social.

4) Bakra Nangal is multipurpose project.

5) Plastic chairs are in-expensive.

V. 7. Fill in the blanks with appropriate suffixes. Choosing from ones given above in V-5

1) He was comfortable in his seat on the train.

2) He was acting in a very childish way.

3) She looked at her reflection in the mirror.

4) India has won the champion ship at Sharjah.

5) The rate of employment in India has been rising

steadily.

Beauty E-Yeh-Shure

C1. Answer the following questions.

1. List out the things where beauty can be seen during the

day.

The Sunlight, the tree, the birds, growing corn, people working and dancing.

2. Poet Says ‘beauty is heard in the night’. Pick out any

two things of beauty from the poem that are seen at night.

Wind sighing, rain falling.

3. Read the first and second stanzas of the poem again. Note the following phrases. Corn growing, people working of dancing, wind sighing, rain falling, a singer chanting……

These could be written as

• Corn that is growing

• People who are working of dancing.

Can you rewrite the other phrases like this? Why do you

think the poet uses the shorter phrases?

Wind that was sighing, rain that was falling, as singer who is chanting,

4. The poet says ‘Beauty is seen’ and ‘Beauty is heard.’

List out the beautiful things you have seen or heard.

‘Beauty is seen’- Flower, rainbow, forest, dancing peacock.

‘Beauty is heard.’- waterfall sound, birds singing, roaring waves.

5. The Poet says ‘Beauty is in yourself.’ What things does she mention here? When does she want us to follow

them?

Good deeds, happy thoughts that repeat themselves in your dreams.

Sir C.V. Raman. - Sir C.V. Raman.

C I. Answer the following questions.

1) Who were Raman's Parents?

Chandrashekara Iyer and Parvathi Ammal were Raman's parents.

2) Why was Raman not able to attend the school regularly?

Raman was not able to attend the school regularly because he used to fall sick now and then.

3) Where did he complete his Intermediate examination? He completed his intermediate examination from Hindu college.

4) What subjects did his relative advise him to take for

B.A.?

His relatives advised him to take History and Economics for B.A.

5) Why could not Raman go to the United Kingdom for higher studies?

Raman could not go to United Kingdom for higher studies because his health broke down again.

C II. Answer the following questions.

1) How long did he work at Calcutta University?

He worked for fifteen years at Calcutta University.

2) What made Raman give up the highly paid post of

special Accountant General?

His keen interest in science made him to give up the post of special Accountant general.

3) How did Soviet Union honour him?

The Soviet Union honoured him by awarding the

international Lenin prize.

C. III. Read the following questions then write.

1) What makes you think that Raman even as a boy had great interest in Science?

Even as a boy Raman had made the model of dynamo. He was very much interested in Science. During his school days he borrowed science books from college students and read them.

2) Why did Raman’s relatives ask Raman to take up arts

subject? How did Raman react to it?

His relatives asked him to take up arts subjects, which

would enable him to appear for competitive examination

and get highest job in the Government. But Raman did not like it. He took science for his B.A: and M.A. examination and secured first class.

4) What was Raman's first dis appointment in life?

After his M.A. Raman wanted to go to the United Kingdoms for higher studies in science. But his health broke down again and he could not go. This was the greatest dis appointment in his life.

4) Why was Raman not happy with the post of Deputy

Accountant General?

Raman was not happy how could a scientist like Raman put

up with the life of Deputy Accountant General? He felt like a fish out of water in his new post. But he still hopes of becoming a scientist.

5) How can you say that Raman had not lost interest in science when he was the Deputy Accounted General? Raman's interest for science was alive when he saw a banner in a building which was printed. "The Indian Association of scientists". At the sight of the banner Raman got off the moving train and went to meet the scientists. In Rangoon he learnt that an institution had

bought a piece of modern scientific apparatus he hurriedly put on his clothes and went to that his interest in science was still alive and he had not lost interest in Science.

Vocabulary

V1 Fill in the blanks with the words opposite in meaning to the words under lined.

1) We should neither borrow nor lend.

2) Why do you feel old? Feel young.

3) Don't stand outside come inside.

4) Are wealthy people really happy or unhappy/sad?

5) Eat less work more.

V-2. The pronounciation of the following pairs of woods

are almost the same but they differ in meaning use each word in the pair in meaningful sentences.

2) knew, new

Knew: He knew about the great scientits of the world.

New: We wear new clothes on the days of festivals.

3) Sight - site

Sight: Raju saw beautiful sight near Banvasi.

site: My father purchased a site near Saibaba's temple.

4) Some - sum

Some: Some students attended the class but others did not

attend.

Sum: This sum is very difficult to solve.

5) Plays - Place

Plays: Last sunday many plays were enacted Mantap.

Place: I don't know the place of his residence.

V-3. Fill in blanks with suitable phrasal verbs or idioms: (make up, put up with, give up, put on, a fish out of water, make out, break down)

1) We usually put on cotton clothes during summer.

2) One day a villager came to me and asked me to read the

letter. I tried my best but could not make out what the person had written.

3) Great persons have an ocean of patience. They have learnt to put up with difficulties.

4) Raju's health used to break down now and then. So he had to give up highly paid post as Accountant in an office. At first he felt like a fish out of water.

5) People should make up their mind to fight against corruption.

V-4. Make compound words with the words given in column. A and B and use the same in meaningful sentences of your own.

1) Boyhood: Gopal was interested in science in his boyhood.

2) Time table: Our school has not yet prepared the timetable.

3) First class : Raman passed his B.A. examination in First

Class.

4) Speed post: Send your letter by speed post it is very urgent.

5) Class mate: Raju is my classmate we study together.

V-5. Which words I Phrases in the text mean more or less the same as the following? Paragraph numbers are given in the brackets.

1) Boyhood - early days

2) Uncomfortable - feel like a fish out of water

3) Chance - opportunity

4) Happily - gladly

5) Not remember - forgot

6) Morning food - breakfast

7) Money permitted to be drawn for expense travelling allow once.

8) Sympathy - pity

V-6. Give the negative form of the underlined words using a prefix like in un, dis, im.

1) an interesting story - an uninteresting story

2) a fortunate thing - an unfortunate thing

3) a correct answer - an in correct answer

4) a pure heart - an impure heart

5) a happy day - an un happy day

6) an honest person - a dis honest person.

V-7. Fill in the blanks with noun forms of the underlined words.

1) The teacher dictates notes. The teacher gave us dictation.

2) Admit suresh to VIII standard.

Let Suresh get admission to VIII standard.

3) Literates should educate villagers. Literates should give educations to villagers.

4) Appoint him.

Give him an appointment.

5) Have you decided Where to go? Have you taken decision where to go?

V-8. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the words given in brackets.

1) The speaker accepted the resignation of the legislator.

2) We should not have too much attachment to anything.

3) The discovery of the sea route to India was made by

Vasco-da-Gama.

4) The Teacher admired the honesty of Manjula.

5) Have a Scientific outlook.

6) Please don't cause inconvenience to others.

7) Make meaningful sentences.

8) Why are you Afraid of the examination?

9) Chemistry is an interesting subject.

THE LITTLE BUSY BEE. - Issac Watts.

Answer the following questions:

1) Who is the poet speaking about?

The poet is speaking about a little busy bee.

2) Why does the bee sit on the flower?

The bee sits on the flower to collect honey.

3) How does bee build her cell?

The bee builds her cell skill fully.

4) 'I' would be busy too who does refer to

The ‘I’ refers to the poet.

5) What does sweet food mean in the context?

In the context sweet food means honey.

6) When does Satan manage to work through?

The Satan manages to work through when we are idle.

C2. Pick out the best alternative for each of the following statements.

1) People like the bee because.

c) It works hard.

2) And labours hard to store it well.

b) the honey.

C 3. Read and Discuss your responses with your partner then write.

1) Why does the poet call be busy?

The bee is always working. It spends each shining hour and

makes, the good use of it. Every day it gathers honey from the opening flower. so poet calls the bee busy bee.

3) "Let my first years be passed" a) What does first years refer to-

First year refers to the early years or boyhood of the poet.

b) How does the poet want to spend his first year?

Poet wants to spend his first year in books or work or

healthy play.

c) Why does he want to do so?

He wants to do so because after his first years he wants to work hard and give the account of his work on his last day.

3) How can you say that the bee is intelligent and clever? The bee skilfully builds her cell, it neatly spreads her wax and labours hard to store it and makes sweet food out of it. That is why bee is intelligent and clever.

4) What is admirable about the work of the bee?

The bee is always busy. It works hard. It is never idle. It uses every hour for its work. Therefore we admire its work.

5) Why does the poet want us to be like the bee?

The poet wants us to be like be because we must be always

busy like bee and we should never be idle.

6) Why should we not keep ourselves idle? What will happen it we are idle?

If we are idle satan finds some mischief for the idle hand

to do.

7) What is the message of the poem?

The bee is always busy. It builds the hive very skillfully and stores sweet honey in it. Like the bee we too must be busy and always do useful work. This is the message of the poem.

8) Which lines do you like the best in the poem? Give reasons for your choice.

I like the lines. How skilfully she builds her cell ............. with the sweet food she makes.

I like these lines because poet describes the hard labour, cleverness and neatness of the bee. After such hard labour it gives sweet food.

9) Pick out the rhyming words in the poem and add more words.

hour - flower

cell - well - fell - tell

skill, still, bill, till

play, every day, may, pay.

Jamaican Fragment- A. L. Hendricks.

C1- Answer the following questions.

1) Why was the morning walk pleasant to Mr. A.L.

Hendricks?

Morning walk was pleasant to him because he could see on either side, red and green roofed bungalows green lawns and gardens.

2) The exercise is good for me says the narrator what was

that exercise?

The exercise was walking half a mile from his home to rail tracks lines in the morning and from the lines to his home in the evening.

3) What did narrator notice one morning?

Narrator noticed two boys were playing in the garden of

the more modest cottages.

4) How did the smaller boy behave while playing with bigger boy?

The little white boy walked majestically up and down and every now and then shouted in a commanding to at his black playmate. The black boy did what he was told.

Answer the following questions.

1) What sight surprised the narrator the next day?

The next day when author went to the spot where the boys

were playing now the dark boy was commanding while white younger did everything. The little dark boy was striding imperiously up and down the lawn, white boy walked abjectly behind. This sight surprised the author.

2) What were the two commands given by the black boy to the while boy?

The two commands given by black boy to the white were. "Give me a banana" and 'peel it for me'

3) Why was the white man surprised at the narrator's outburst?

The white man surprised because he came to know the narrator did not know that the boys were his sons and they were brothers.

4) Why do you think the narrator smiled at the end?

The narrator thought that the white were still bossing the blacks. When he saw the play of boys for the first time, he thought about the racial discrimination. The whole day he thought next day when he found the white boy serving dark boy everything was clear. He came to know that it was the game that the boys were playing. He was happy when heard that the boys were brothers. He smiled and expressed his happiness.

C. 3. Some statements are given below some are true

and some are false write 'T' or 'F' in the box provided against each sentences accordingly.

1) The bigger boy was black. (True)

2) The black boy ordered the white boy to pick up that

stick. (False)

3) The white boy sat on the lawn. (True)

4) The two boys were not dressed alike. (False)

5) The little boys were playing when the narrator passed by in the afternoon (False).

6) The next day a man was playing with boys (False)

7) The game that the two boys played was the same game the author had played during his child hood (True)

8) I know what you are thinking said the man standing at the gate to the narrator (False)

9) The Father of the boys was white and mother was brown (True)

10) 92% of Jamaica is inhabited by the blacks (False)

C.4. Choose the correct answer. For each of the statements four alternatives are given as answers. Choose the best alternative.

1) The two boys in the story are

(b) brothers

2) The commands that the white boy gave to the black boy - they were.

3) The black boy had mat of coarse hair in his head

Coarse means.

(a) Rough

4) Only we grown - ups are silly the question fag to the statement is

(a) aren't we?

5) The white boy had hazel eys hazel means.

(a) reddish brown

C.5. Read and discuss your responses with your partner.

1) What similarities and differences can you make out between the two boys?

Similarities- Both boys were little, both the boys were sturdy, both were dressed alike.

Differences- one was four years old the other five. The bigger was black with a mat of coarse hair on his head and black eyes. He was definitely little Jamaican. The other boy was smaller. He was white with hazel eyes and light

9) If you were the white man, how would you read to the narrators comment?

I would have clearly told the narrator that his ideas were wrong. There was no discrimination between the black and the white. The white man would never boss over the black in our country.

VOCABULARY

V I. Column 'A' has the names of the countries. Choose the correct nationality from the list given below and write in column.

A B

he had sensed his own country he would be at the white man's back and call. If he could make difference between himself and the white boy. If he thought that he could boss over the black man. The author did not find answers to the above questions.

4) Why was the narrator surprised next morning?

Next morning when the narrator came to the spot

he was surprised because then dark boy was commanding

while the little white youngster did everything. The little dark boy was striding imperiously up and down on the lawn, while the white youngster walked abjectly behind him.

5) How did the two boys behave while playing?

The little white boy walking majestically up and down, and every now and then shouted in a commanding tone at his bigger playmate. The little brown boy dragged on quietly behind him and did what he was told.

6) What made the narrator think that the black boy could

be the son of a servant or a classmate of the white boy?

Noticing the colour, eyes and hair of the both

boys author came to the conclusion that the black boy must

be son of the servant of the white boy. The black boy obeyed the commands of the white boy and did what the white boy told him.

7) What were the two points that the narrator wanted to clarify to the white man?

Narrator wanted to clarify that, the white boy was not commanding the black and the two boys were playing a game. He told the white man that we grown-ups were silly.

8) The two boys though brothers, differed in their colour. What might be the reason?

The reason is that though their father was a white man their mother was a brown woman.

V.2. Guess and give the meaning of the words underlined in the table given.

1) The stipulated period of 12 years was coming to a close.

2) How can I perform the fire sacrifice?

3) Pandavas wanted to quench their thirst they went in search of water.

4) After seeing all his brothers dead yudhisthira was

drowned in sorrow.

5) Yaksha was pleased with the answers given by

Yadhisthira.

A B

Stipulated Condition agreement perform do, discharge

quench satisfy drowned drenched sunk pleased delighted

V 3. Read the following conversation and use the appropriate word from the ones given in brackets. Patient: Doctor the wound in my heel pains me

Doctor: Dont worry it heal up after treatment (will, heel) You are diabetic and weak, so it may take one week

(week, weak)

Patient: Excuse me a word with you doctor. I don't know whether it is fair to ask you this question (fair, fare)

Doctor: Oh! Don’t worry tell me what it is.

Patient: I have not money to pay the bus fare (fair, fare) I'm sorry doctor. I forgot to tell you that. last week I lost your prescription class (last, lost).

Doctor Ok No problem I will give you both.

V 4. Fill in the blanks with words that have similar

pronunciation as the words under lined.

1} Pam panna and somanna are good friends. The former is a farmer and the latter is a businessman.

2} The thief wanted to steal. But the doors were locked he broke open the lock with a steel rod.

3) "Come here" said the teacher but the student did not

hear.

4} Mandanna your answer is quite right but for a moment will you keep quiet.

4) Rashmi gave birth to a male child in Bangalore. He husband who was in mysore came by the mail train.

V.5. We can form the opposites by adding prefixes to

words.

1) Sunitha is regular to the class but Sushema is irregular.

2) Rama Murthy's answer is correct but Narayan's is in correct.

3) Sita's way of expressing facts is proper but Lakshmi's in improper.

4) All should respect the national flag no one' should disrespect it.

5) The competition was very tough. It was Rahul's fortune that he won but it was sanjay's misfortune that he lost.

NO MEN ARE FOREIGN – James Kirkup.

C.1. Answer the following questions.

1) What does the poet remind us of in first line of the

poem?

In the first line of the poem the poet reminds us that no men are strange and no countries foreign.

2) What according to the poet are we doing when we hate others?

When we hate others we wage war against them and impure our earth and air. We harm the innocent people on earth.

3) What are the two bad effects of war?

If we wage war against each other. It is the human earth that we. our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence.

C.2. Read and discuss your responses with your partner.

1) How do you think we are treated alike by nature? Nature allows us to walk in the same land, It gives us food and all of us in this land face difficulties during hard days. At last we die in the same earth.

2) Read the third stanza carefully what message does the

poet want to convey.

The poet wants to convey that we are all same; we have same eyes. We all sleep and awake. He gives the message that strength can be won by love.

3) Do you agree with the poet that we should wage no

war. How do you justify that?

We agree with the poet that we should wage no war. War is the main cause for destruction hatred cruelty. It spoils the earth. It is the symbol of betrayal and cruelty.

4) Some are of the opinion that the poet might have written this poem after witnessing the bad effects of the II world war.

Mention some of the lines in the poem to support your answer.

Remember, we who-take arms against each other. It is the human earth that we defile out hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence. These lines support the answer.

5) Briefly described how a war spoils everything.

War creates hatred. It spoils the feeling of brother hood and love. Crores of people will be killed and wounded Food production is slow. People have to starve. Beautiful buildings, bridges water resources. Industries will be destroyed. Prises will raise. The man's life becomes very hard. The whole world will become a desert.

THE BOY WHO ASKED FOR MORE. -

Charles Dickens.

I. Answer the followiing questions.

1) Where was Oliver twist born?

Oliver twist was born in the poor house of a little country

town.

2) Who were present when Oliver was born?

A doctor and a poor and experienced woman were present when Oliver was born.

3) What happened to the mother as soon as the child

was born?

As soon as the child was born the mother died

4) What did the mother look like while she was alive? The mother was a young and good looking woman while she was alive.

5) Who was Mr. Bumble?

Mr. Bumble was beadle of town.

6) How did Mr. Bumble treat the children?

He starved and ill-treated the children under his care.

7) What did oliver's friends want him to ask the master.

They persuaded Oliver to ask more from the master.

2. Answer the following questions.

1) How were the children fed in the house?

The children were fed in a large stone hall, with a big metal

basin at the end. The master stood by the basin and served each child with a small bowl of watery gruel.

2) Why was a council held by the boys? What did they

decide in it?

Boys did not get enough food in the poor house. They were always hungry. So they held a council in which it was decided to ask more. Oliver twist was appointed to ask more of the master.

3) What did Oliver ask his master for?

Oliver asked his master for more food.

4) How did the master react to the request of Oliver? The master aimed a blow at his head seized him by his arms and shouted for the beadle.

5) What was the punishment that Oliver got for asking for more?

As punishment for his greed and boldness Oliver was immediately locked in room to spend the night alone.

6) What did Mr. Bumble ultimately decide to do with

Oliver?

He ultimately decided to drive out Oliver from the poor house and declared that reward of five pounds would be given to the person who would take Oliver away from the poor house.

7) What was Oliver's crime according to Mr. Bumble? According to Mr. Bumble Oliver’s crime was asking for more.

3. Read and discuss responses with your partner.

1) Briefly explain the circumstances under which Oliver

twist was born.

Oliver was born in the poor house of a little country town on a cold black night in the winter of 1837. His birth was attended by a doctor who was hastily called for the purpose and by an old paper woman who was experienced in such matters.

2) How can you say that Oliver’s mother was a poor woman?

She had been found lying in the street. It was clear that she had walked some distance before she died. Her shoes had been torn to pieces. Where she had come form or where she had been going nobody knew so we can say that Oliver's mother was a poor woman.

3) What kind of a man was Mr. Bumble?

Mr. Bumble was a cruel man. He thought himself a very

great man indeed. He starved and ill-treated the children

under his care.

4) Why were the boys always hungry?

The boys were always hungry because they were given to eat a small bowl of watery gruel. This was not enough for them. They had no courage to ask for more, so they were always hungry.

5) How did the children plan themselves to satisfy their

hunger?

The boys held a council. Oliver twist was appointed to walk up to the master after supper and to ask for more in this way they wanted to satisfy their hunger thinking that the master would meet the demand of Oliver.

6) What was the result of Oliver request for more food? When the master heard Oliver’s demand he could not believe his own years. He turned very pale at this. He aimed a blow at Oliver’s head seized him by arms and shouted for Mr. Bumble. Mr. Bumble rushed in and was excited and said that the poor boy would be hung. Oliver was kept alone in a room the whole night.

7) Why did Mr. Bumble got a notice pasted outside the gate? Explain

Mr. Bumble thought that Oliver was bold and greedy. No body had questioned his authority so he decided to drive Oliver out of the poor house by pasting a notice outside the gate. He did not like that other boys should follow the example and his authority would be shaken

8) Sum up Oliver's birth and life in the-poor house.

Oliver was born on a cold winter night in 1837 in a poor house. As soon as he was born he lost his mother.

His life at the poor house was miserable. He was always hungry. as he did not get enough food to eat. He was ill- treated. Oliver's 9th birth day found him a pale, thin child who had hardly known a kind word or met with a kindly look.

9) Briefly narrate the events that led to Oliver being locked up in a room.

When that evening one of bigger boys stated quite clearly that unless he had an extra bowl of gruel he would most certainly eat the boy who slept next to him he had a wild and hungry eye, so the smaller believed him. A council was held Oliver was appointed to walk up to the master after supper to ask more. After the supper the boys forced Oliver to ask for more. Oliver went to the master and said please sir I want some more. Master turned plate when he heard this he hit the boy on the head and shouted for beadle. Mr. Bumble rushed into the room with excitement and horror. He said that he had never heard of such tiling so as punishment for greed and boldness Oliver was immediately locked in a room to spend the night alone

4. Match the descriptive words that go with the character.

C 5. Look at the following headings chose the best among them for the paragraphs indicated write then against the number.

1) Birth of an orphan

2) Death of the Mother

3) Boy's admission to poor house

4) Naming of the boy

5) Boys holding a council

6) Oliver being forced to ask for more.

7) Mr. Bumble's reaction

8) Punishment.

F. Underline the word that does not belong to the

groups in each.

1) farmer, former, doctor, teacher. Ans:- Former

2) ate, swallowed, smelt, gulped. Ans:- smelt

3) miserable, sad, agile, sorrowful Ans:- agile

4) stated, said, narrated, heard Ans:- heard

5) quickly, hastily, rudely, immediately Ans:- rudely

6) weak. pale, robust, thin Ans:- robust.

V-2. Given below is a list of nouns some are made from verb some are not pick out those words which are made from verbs.

Ans:-

a) movement b) amazement

c) development d)establishment g) measurement i) astonishment

j) government.

V-3. Write down the noun forms of the following words.

Ans. 1) born - birth

2) suggest - suggestion

3) exist - existence

4) grow - growth

5) tire - tiredness

6) think – thought.

FOR A FIVE YEAR OLD. – Fleur Adcock.

C I. Answer the following questions.

1) Name the creature mentioned in the poem

The creature mentioned in the poem is a snail.

2) Who do you think is the speaker?

We think mother is the speaker in this poem.

3) Who is the' speaker addressing?

The speaker is addressing her five year old child

4) What does the child want his mother to see.

The child wants his / her mother to see a snail in her room.

5) What does the mother tell the child?

Mother tells the child to carry the snail outside with careful hand to eat daffodil.

C 2. Answer the following questions and share your responses from your partner.

1) Why does the mother say a kind of faith prevails?

According to the mother the old faith continues. We are

going to build character of our children by ideal words. Though it has been proved that it is not based on truth still it is carried on

2) How has the mother treated other animals?

Mother has treated other animals in very unkind manner.

She had trapped the mice. Shot wild birds and drowned her child's kitten.

3) There is a contradiction between mother's treatments towards other animals and her own relatives and the snail. She was very kind towards snail but very harsh and cruel to other animals and to her relatives.

4) How does the mother console herself? Read the last

two lines and comment.

At the end of advice mother tells her child that how things

are. It seems she is not worried about her past action. Now

she says to the child she is her mother and she wants to show kindness to the snail. The poem reveals contradiction. We do not practise what we preach.

THE SAWN AND THE PRINCESS.

–A folk play.

C I. Answer the following questions and share _ your responses with your partner.

1) What was the complaint of Devadatt against prince

Siddhartha?

Devdatt complained that he had shot the swan which fell under the feet of Sidhartha and Sidhartha picked up and did not give it to Devdatt.

2) Why did Siddhartha claim that the swan was his? Sidhartha claimed that the swan was his because he looked after the wounded swan and saved its life.

3) How did the bird react to Devdatta's call?

When Devdatta called the bird to come near him, the bird began to tremble and cried in fear.

4) What did Siddhartha say to the swan? What did the bird do?

Siddhartha said to the bird not to be afraid of him. He asked the bird to come and sit on his arms. At once the swan flew and sat on Siddhartha's arms.

5) What made Devdatt and Siddhartha approach the king?

Devadatt approached the king complaining that

Siddhartha would not give the swan which he had shot

down. So the king sent for Siddhartha. Siddhartha told the king that the bird was his as he had protected the life of the bird so both of them approached the king to get Justice from him.

6) How did each of them defend their actions?

Devdatt defended his action by pleading that he had shot the bird and bird must belong to him. Siddhartha pleaded that the swan sought his protection and he saved the birds so the bird was his.

7) How did the Chief Minister resolve the dispute at the

end?

The Chief Minister called both Devdatt and siddhartha

and asked Siddhartha to keep the swan on a stool. He called

Devdatt and asked him to call the bird to come to him. When Devadatt went near the bird the bit trembled and cried with fear. It did not go near Devdutt. Then the chief minister called Siddhartha and told him the same thing. When Siddhartha went near the bird and called it come to him without any fear. The swan at once flew and sat on Siddhartha's arms so chief minister told the king that the swan itself had solved problem. The king declared that the swan belonged to Siddhartha.

C 2. Put the following events in the order in which they occur in the play and write them in paragraph. Devdatt shot on arrow at the bird.

Siddhartha nursed the bird with care Devdatt appealed to the king for Justice Devdatt called the swan to him Siddhartha called the swan lovingly.

The swan flew into Siddhartha's arms.

C 3. After the swan had been saved by Siddhartha. It was very happy and wanted to thank the prince.

Write an imaginery dialogue between the swan and prince siddhartha. The beginning of the dialogue has been given.

Swan: dear Siddhartha I want to talk to you.

Siddhartha: Yes my dear what's it Tell me don't fear

anyone.

Swan: Dear prince It's only because of your kindness I am still alive today.

Prince : Why do you see so?

Swan: Imagine what would have happened if you hadn’t

save me?

Prince: Don't you think it was my duty?

Swan : May be, But all people would not do that. Any way thank you very much.

Prince : You’re welcome.

VOCABULARY:

V. 1. Some definitions are given below substitute each of

them a single word using prefix given above.

1) One's own Signature autograph

2) Place of living organism biosphere

3) More than one purpose Multi-purpose

4) Effective against bacteria anti biotic

5) Half of the earth’s surface hemisphere

6) True not fiction non fiction

7) Between nations International

8) To wash before pre wash

9) Very small not visible to microscopic the naked eye

V. 2. Use correct ending with word below to complete the sentence.

Ashwin was awakened with a feeling of

excitement. It was glorious day not cloudy at all. His

teacher pradeep had a guest speaker on !hat morning. Mr.

Anil Kumar was an inventor of a machine and so was

famous throughout the world by a continuous study of magnetism and its forces. He was able to develop a device to generate heat using the sun rays.

V 3. Add one letter and make a new word to mean the word given breakets.

Cheer -

i) His father died just a few days before Diwali. It was

Cheerless Diwali for him.

ii) My friend has many problems. He has to support a large family but he is always smiling. He is a Cheerful person. Thought -

i) I was very ill. My friend called a doctor. It was

thoughtful of him.

ii) Most young people live in present they are often

thoughtless about the future.

Power -

i) A boy picked up a quarrel with a boxer. The boxer lost

his temper and gave a powerful blow.

ii) I was going for a walk with my friends. Suddenly a robber pounced on me and held my arms from behind. I felt totally powerless.

SOMEBODY'S MOTHER.

- Merry Dow Brine.

C I. Answer the following questions.

1) What kind of a woman do you find in the poem?

We find the woman who was old ragged and grey. She

was bent with the chill of winter's day.

2) Where was the woman standing? Why was she standing there?

The woman was standing at the cross. She wanted to cross the road.

3) Why was the woman very anxious?

The woman was anxious if she moved she would fall down

the slippery road as her feet were aged and weak. She waited long for the help but nobody came to help her.

4) What are the children compared to?

The children are compared to the flock of sheep.

5) Did the boys lend the old woman a helping hand?

The boys did not lend a helping hand to the, old woman.

6) Why was the old woman hesitating to cross the road? The old woman was hesitating to cross the road because carriage wheels and feet of horses might knock her down.

V 4. Fill in the blanks with the given words using the

su f f ixes ‘f u l’ or ‘less’ a p p r op r ia tely .

Care-

i) Mohan usually drives on the right side of the road he is a

Careless driver.

ii) The teacher is very careful while crossing the road. She looks to her right and left and always uses the zebra crossing.

a poor, aged and weak woman to cross the road.

3) What did the boy tell his friends?

The boy told his friends that she was some body's mother. She was aged, old, poor, and slow he helped that some fellow would lend a hand to help his mother. She was poor and grey and if her own dear boy was far away.

4) What did the old woman say in her prayers that night? Why?

The old woman said in her prayer that night "God be kind to the boy who is somebody’s son and pride and joy" Because the boy had helped her to cross the road when others did not help her.

5) Do you like this poem? Why or why not?

I like this poem very much as it contains an universal message to help old, poor and weak.

C. 3. Answer the following as directed.

1) Pick out the rhyming word in the poem

1) grey - day 2) snow - slow 3) long - throng

4) by - eye 5) Shout - out 6) Sheep - deep

7) grey - way 8) her - stir 9) feet - street

10) troop - group 11) low - go 12) arm - harm

13) along - strong 14) Went - Content 15) know - slow

16) hand - understand 17) grey - away 18) head – said

19) boy - joy.

2) Name the figure of speech.

a) Simile - boys are compered to flock of sheep.

b) Here a part is spoken as a whole. Her aged hand on his strong young arm aged hand is the old woman is strong young arm refers to the boy so the figure of speech here is synecdoche.

All the World her stage

–Sai Paranjpye.

C1. Answer the following questions.

1) Who were usually playing companions for Sai in her

childhood?

“ai’s grandfather wrangler ‘.P. Paranjpye was her playing companion.

2) Who was affectionately called Appa.

Sai's grandfather was affectionately called 'Appa'.

3) When was the grandfather very much impressed by

Sai’s ability.

When she narrated a fairy tale of her own creation her grandfather was impressed by her talents.

4) What was sai's first published book.

Sais first published book was a fairy tale book, called

"Mulancha Mera"

5) 'Sai Froze' when did it happen?

'Sai Froze' when she stepped on a book.

C.2. Answer the following questions.

1) How could sai draw the attention of the playmates

while they made fun of her?

When her friends made fun of her she sadly sat by the side lines. Soon her face brightened she cried out. She knew of a lovely game. It's a magic island full of Children treasure. The friends came to her and listened to her story and they were all attracted by her tale.

2) What fascinated Sai as a child?

Fairy tales fascinated Sai as a child.

3) Why the word 'mother' given within inverted commas in 16th and 17th paragraphs.

The word 'mother' is given in inverted commas as Sai played the role of bride's mother in dolls marriage.

C 3. Some statements are given below some are true and some are false. Tick off 'T' or 'F' Also indicate in the box the paragraph numbers in which you can find your answer.

1) Sai looked very athletic (False) (12)

2) Sai used to tell fantastic stories to her friends. (True) (14)

3) Even as child Sai published a book. (True) (8)

4) Her grandfather did not take it seriously when she stepped on a book. (False) (10)

5) Pranjpye was a 'Senior Wrangler' (True) (2)

6) One of the Maharastrian Children's game is marriage of dolls (True) (15)

7) Sai told a story to her grandfather (True) (4)

8) Sai learnt to regard books with respect (True) (11)

C 4. Some important events in the story are given in a jumbled order. Put them in the order in which they are given in the text.

 The usual sight of grandpa and sai playing to get her.

 Sai telling a story to her grandfather

 Grandfather telling her to treat books with respect

 Sai's drawing the attention of the play mates

 The wedding of the dolls.

C 5. Read and discuss and write.

1) Describe how grandfather and sai enjoyed other's

company?

Every morning Sai went skipping with her grandfather. Her grandfather tolds her fables and put simple mathematical problems. They laughed, talked and had a great time.

2) Why was grandfather very much impressed by sai's

story ?

The fairy tale that sai told to grandfather was full of dragons and princes. Talking parrots and hidden gold. The story was very interesting therefore her grandfather was very much impressed.

3) What do you think the great achievement of Sai as a

child?

When she was only eight she published a book of fairy

tales. 'Mulancha Mera'. This is her great achievement as a child.

4) Describe the incident in the library.

One day Sai by mistake stepped on a book. Her grandfather told her to ask the forgiveness of the book. According to him kicking a book was kicking knowledge. So sai bent and did Namaskar.

5) How was Sai able to win over her friends?

When her friends made fun of Sai she sat on the side line

sadly. At one she cried her face brightened Ha I know of a lovely game. Its magic island fun of hidden treasure When

her playmates heard this they came to her and listened to her story and were attracted by it. That is how sai was able to win over her friends.

6) What surprise awaited Sai one day as she came back from school?

When Sai returned form the School. The whole house looked like marriage hall. Before she could say anything she was dressed like a mother of the bride. The bands arrived the groom road on real horse bride was brought by chanting mantras. That was the surprise awaited Sai one day when she returned from the school.

C 6. Write a paragraph on each of the following topics.

1) Sai's talents even as child:

Sai was talented even as a child. When she was six or seven years old she made up fairy tale herself and told it to her grandfather. When she was only eight she published a book 'Mulancha Mera' which contained the fairy tales written by her. These examples show her talents even as a child.

2) Lessons she learnt from her grant father:

She learnt the art of telling fairy tales from her

grandfather. She also learnt to respect books from him. She herself wrote fairy tales.

3) The incident of wedding of dolls :

Sai asked her mother she wanted some fun on the

same day she was surprised when she returned from the school. Her house looked like marriage hall. Sai was dressed in bride’s mother dress. Bridge groom came riding on the real horse. Bands arrived. Bride was brought with all religious chanting.

VOCABULARY:

V 1. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word chosen from among the ones given in brackets.

Sai was fond of telling stories. Her grandfather was impressed by this talent of her. Thought she was not good at sports. She used to entertain her friends with her tales of fancy. Even as a child she had published a book of fairy tales.

V 2. Some terms that describe people have been given below. Choose them under desirable and not desirable categories :

V 3. Give the antonyms of the following and use them in blanks appropriately.

An tall man appeared on the stage walking slowly at the

end of the play just before the close of the play. Soon the audience stood up and as the lights were on. In that bright light, they could see the director a old man with imposing figure.

V 4. Give the negative form of these words using a prefox, change the article if necessary.

1) a familiar sight an unfamiliar sight

2) a used towel an un used towel

3) a prepared speech an unprepared speech

4) an attentive soldier an inattentive soldier

5) a successful attempt an un successful attempt

6) an organised show a dis organised show

7) a satisfied person a dis satisfied person

COROMANDEL FISHERS.

- Sarojini Naidu.

C1. Answer the following questions.

1) What sort of sounds can one hear early in the

morning?

One can hear the sound of the leader of the fisherman calling his fellow men to arise and start their work.

2) How is the wind described in line two?

Wind is described as if it sleeps in the arms of dawn.

3) Why are the nets to be gathered?

Nets are to gathered to catch the fish.

4) What do you think is the wealth to the fishermen?

The wealth of fishermen is leaping wealth of the tide. That is fish.

C2. Read and discuss then write.

1) What do you understand from the first line of the

poem, 'The wakening skies pray to the morning light"?

It is still dawn but light is not clear. So the skies pray the sun to brighten his light. So that people might start their daily work.

2) The poet says, 'Let us set our catamarans free.' What does it mean?

Usually after their work in the evening fishermen tie their boats for the purpose of safety. Next day when they start their work they untie them, free for their work.

3) What happens if the fishermen are late in their work. Wind will begin to blow. It will disturb their work before wind starts to below they have to start their work. The early morning it suitable to work as it is calm and quiet.

4) Why does the poet say:

a) the sea is our mother: The fishermen are born near sea and brought up there. Like mother the sea feeds them. They get fish from the sea and fish are their wealth. They earn their livelihood by eating, selling, transporting the fish therefore they call the sea their mother.

b) the cloud is our brother,: Cloud helps them during their work. It will not let out the rain which hinders their work. c) the waves are our comrades all? - Waves help the fishers by controlling their speed so that the boats of the fishers will not be drowned. Therefore fishers call them as their brothers.

C3. Answer the following in a paragraph:

1) The poet describes many things as sweet what are they

among them what is considered to be the sweetest? The things those are sweet 1) Shade of the groves of the coconut trees. 2) Scent of mango groves 3) sands at the

full '0' moon (4) sound of the voice of their relatives that they love 5) the kiss of the spray and dance of the wild foam's glee. Sweetest among them is the kiss of the spray and dance of wild foam's glee.

C4. Name the figure of speech used in the following sentences.

1) The wakening skies pray to the morning light. -

Personification.

2) The wind lies asleep in the arms of the dawn like a child. - Simile

3) The sea is our mother. -Metaphor

4) The cloud is our brother. -Metaphor

5) The waves are our comrades all. – Metaphor.

C5. List out the rhyming words in the poems. Light – Night, Free – Sea, Call –all, drives – lives, grove - love gle - sea.

THE EMPE‘O‘’S NEW CLOTHES

C1. Some statements are given below. Some are true and

some are false. Tick off 'T' or 'F' before them. Also indicate the scene number in which you can find your answer True.

1) I want tailors who will make me clothes. F (S-1)

2) We require large quantity of the finest silk and purest

gold thread. T (S-1)

3) I shall were the new clothes in coronation that I am expected to lead F (S-1)

4) Only the gentlemen who are fit for their jobs can see the clothes. T (S-II)

5) I must send my special Assistant to see what really is happening here. T (S-II)

6) The courtiers showed great surprise to see the

Emperor. T (S-IV)

7) When emperor reaches the balcony there was pin drop silence T (S-IV)

C2. Some of important events in the play are given in a

jumbled order. Put them in the order in which they are in the text.

1) The Emperor wears the new clothes and walk towards

the balcony.

The emperor is fond of wearing new clothes.

2) The Chief Adviser visits the looms to inspect weaving.

The emperor wants a different set of clothes

3) The special assistant pays a visit to see how the

weavers are preparing the new clothes.

He orders to find a new tailor to stich his clothes.

4) The Emperor wants a different set of clothes.

The two tailors visit the palace.

S) He orders to find a new tailor to stitch his clothes.

The chief adviser visits the looms to inspect weaving.

6) The Emperor is fond of wearing new clothes.

The special assistant pays a visit to see how the weavers are preparing clothes.

7) The two tailors visit the palace.

The emperor wears the new clothes and walks to wards balcony.

8) A little child cries out that the Emperor has no clothes on and he is as naked as a baby.

A child cries out that the emperor has no clothes on and he is as naked as baby.

C 3. Four alternatives are given for each of following questions/ incomplete statements choose the most appropriate one.

1) The Emperor was fond of

c) Wearing new clothes

2) The tailors who came to the emperor's place claimed that they were:

d) magic tailors

3) The weavers told the Emperor that they required

a) the finest silk and the purest gold thread

4) According to the weavers, the clothes made by them could be seen by

c) wise men fit for their jobs.

5) Who cried out with laughter that the king was as naked as a baby?

c) a child.

Read and Write :

C4. Read and discuss your responses with your partner. Then wirte.

1) Why was the Emperor not able to give much time to the business of his kingdom?

The emperor spent so many hours in his dressing room every day trying out new clothes that the emperor had no time. So he was not able to give much time for the business of his kingdom.

2) Why did the Emperor want a new set of clothes every

day?

To the emperor new clothes meant more than anything in the world. He was proud and foolish. Therefore he wanted new clothes every day.

3) What did the chief adviser tell about the two weavers?

The chief adviser told the emperor that those weavers

had found a secret way of weaving the finest silk cloth and

making most beautiful clothes from the cloth that they did weave.

4) What did the two weavers say about the magic way of making beautiful silk cloth?

The weaver said that they have no new clothes to show the

emperor but they would explain how they had discovered

a magic way of making the most beautiful silk cloth It would

be finely woven and it had so many rich colours and also such attractive patterns that only a great emperor like him could wear the cloth made by them.

5) How would the clothes made of the magic cloth be different from the ordinary clothes that people wear? The cloth woven by them was quite different from the

ordinary cloth because only those who were clever and fit

for their jobs would see what the emperor wore. But fools would not be able see it.

6) Why did the Emperor think that the weavers had given him an excellent idea?

Weavers told him by wearing that magic cloth king would be able to judge who was foolish and unfit among his ministers and officials so the Emperor thought that they had given him an excellent idea.

7) What conditions did the weavers lay down for starting the work?

They demanded purest silk cloth golden thread and jewels to start their work.

8) How did the two weavers start their work on the two looms?

The two weavers started their work by pretending to

weave. They did not work at all. They put away all the silk cloth, gold and jewels given by the emperor in their bags.

9) Why was the Chief Adviser greatly surprised when he first saw them working?

The chief adviser was greatly surprised when he visited their room, because he did not see any cloth on the looms.

10) How did the weavers try to confuse the Chief

Adviser?

When the Chief adviser came to them they began to describe the colours, back ground pattern of the cloth but the chief adviser did not see any cloth there. He was confused.

11) What made the Chief Adviser feel worried about his own fitness for the post he was holding?

The weavers had said that only wise and fit people would see the cloth but the chief adviser did not see it so he was worried about his intelligence and fitness.

12) Why did the Adviser's Special Assistant consider his experience to be terrible?

He considered his experience horrible because he thought himself if he was a fool or unfit for the job. But he decided keep the secret himself.

13) How did the two weavers pretend to make Emperor's new clothes and help him to wearthem?

They did not prepare or work. They were showing actions as if they were weaving. When the king went in to his dressing room the weavers made some noise rustling noise of the cloth as if they were helping the emperor to wear the new clothes.

14) Why did the Chief Adviser request the Emperor to show himself on the balcony?

Ans. The Chief adviser requested the emperor that the people were getting out side to see him in his new clothes. It would please them very much if he showed them himself on the balcony before the procession started.

15) What was the Emperor's reply to his request?

The emperor replied that he had just put on wonderful

clothes those tailors had made for him. He would come as soon as he was ready.

16) How did the courtiers behave when the Emperor walked towards the balcony almost naked?

The Courtiers showed great surprise to see the emperor having little clothes on his body. But no one said anything because they had been mind that only wise people would be able to see the Emperor's new cloth and the fools and the people who were unfit for their posts would not see them.

17) What happened when the Emperor reached the balcony?

When the emperor reached the balcony there was pin drop silence. Then the voice of a little child was heard with laughter it said emperor had no clothes on at all. The child asked his father if the Emperor had become poor and he did not have money to buy clothes.

C5. Answer each of the following questions in a paragraph.

1) The Emperor has been described as proud and foolish.

But he has another serious weakness which is shown in

his behaviour towards his Chief Adviser. Write a paragraph describing the Emperor's character.

Emperor in spite of being proud and foolish he was very fond of new clothes. Every day he wanted new clothes to wear to him new clothes meant more than anything In the world. Indeed he spent so many hours every day in his dressing room

2) Imagine you are the child who laughed at the king at the end of the story. Narrate the scene to your friends, and write the narration.

At that time I was a child of four or five years. My father was in service of the kingdom. One day he told me a great procession was conducted in the palace the emperor himself would lead the procession and another interesting thing that he told me that tailors from distant place had prepared magic clothes for the Emperor would wear them and lead the procession. With great joy I went to the palace with my father. There was a big crowd that was shouting and laughing. They were eager to look at the emperor’s new clothes. We came to know that emperor had come out from his dressing room and was advancing towards balcony to show his dress to the people: I sat on the shoulders of my father I could see clearly Emperor came out. My father pointed out that he was the emperor. I was surprised because he had on clothes on his body he was almost naked as naked as a baby. All the people, courtiers were silent but I could not control my feelings. I shouted loudly to my father why the king was naked had he become poor had he no money to buy the clothes. May father kept mum.

3) The weavers tricked the Emperor. Do you think what they did was right?

The weavers tricked the Emperor they were right because they taught a lesson to the foolish and proud emperor who spent his time in wearing new clothes every day and neglecting the affairs of his state. But the way in which they tricked the emperor was not advisable as they looted silk, gold and Jewels from his kingdom it was not right.

They might have found any other method to mend and foolish attitude of the Emperor.

VOCABULARY:

VI. Make as many phrases as possible and use them in sentences of your own.

1) The book of Grammar and composition is very useful for students to refer.

2) Yesterday I read a digest written on the VIII English I

found it quite useless.

3) They told him a story with some purpose. They admired the book without reading it.

4) Raju's advice is useful/ useless.

He did not follow Raju’s advice; as + was meaningless.

5) The product produced in the factory was helpful. But the cost of the product was high. we did not it use of we were helpless.

6) My friend told me an incident with a purpose. I found it purpose less.

7) The agreement between Rama and Sita was hopeful As they could not fellow it was hopeless.

7) The discussion between the ministers was fruitful in the

beginning but at the end it was fruitless.

8) The information he gave to me was worthy to listen. My friend not accepts it as he considered it unworthy (worthless).

9) Raju is Careful while crossing the roads. His friend is carless while crossing the road so he met with an accident.

10) The suggestions given by Komala are useful. But sheela considered them useless.

V2. From the web diagram frame phrases like set up First match them with their meaning given in brackets then fill in the blanks.

Answers:

1) Why don't you setdown your ideas on papers.

2) Ravi and Raju have set off on a journey round the world.

3) How long will you take to setup this machine.

4) Suma set herself against going to university

5) If we all set out we can finish the cleaning in an hour.

6) I have to buy some woolens before the cold weather

Sets in.

V3. Read the sentences and match them with their meanings.

1) Take a day off kavya c) away from the duty or work

2) Mysore is still five miles off d) away distant in space

3) Asha is off to Mangalore tomorrow b) starting on a Journey

4) Shoes are on sold off with 20% f) reduced in price or cheaper

5) The bullet went off the target g) away from the aim

6) The holidays are not so far off now c) away distant in time

7) Veena was bit off with me this morning a) angry unfriendly. V 4. Read the table and study the example now frame sentences using each of these word forms.

1) Success: Success comes to those who dare and act.

2) Succeed: Indian team succeed in getting good captain.

3) Successful: He was successful in his work.

4) Successfully: Ranga got first class successfully.

5) Raju tried unsuccessfully to get first class.

5) Succeeded: He Succeeded in recovering the loans from his friend.

7) Unsuccessful : He tried hard due to bad luck he was unsuccessful in his effort.

8) Successor: He was the legal successor to his father's property.

V 5. Fill in the blanks with correct form of the word in

bracket.

1) The dog was named Tommy.

2) I'm hopeful that you will succeed this time.

3) His love was only pretence to cheat me.

4) The child was healthy and good looking.

5) It is our duty to serve our parents in their old age.

6) Parents should educate their children to behave well.

V 6. Fill in the blanks using the appropriate form of

words given in (brackets).

Answers: 1) wonderful 2) cold 3) pleasant 4) delicious 5)

spicy 6) friendly 7) attractive 8) beautiful 9) entertaining

10) artistic

V 7 Rewrite the following sentences after making

necessary corrections :

1) The news is very good.

2) There are 26 letters in the English alphabet.

3) Please give me some information.

4) I have bought some furniture last week.

5) Politics is the last resort of scoundrels.

6) There is scenery in the paintings.

MACHINE. - Rudyard kipling

C1. Answer the following questions.

1) Look at eh first stanza see how a machine made of metal goes through a process in making fill in the empty boxes with the appropriate steps.

2) What do simple machines need to start working?

They need some water, coal and oil to start working.

3) Name at least five machine or mechanical devices and write how they are useful to man.

1) Train:- Transportation of goods and people.

2) Scanning machine:- to find out the internal diseases in

our body.

3) printing machine:- for printing books

4) Loud speaker:- to conduct speeches and programmes

5) Washing machine. For washing clothes.

4) What cannot a machine do?

Machine cannot comprehend a lie. It cannot have love pity or forgive.

5) What is the risk if the machine is mishandled?

If you mishandle the machine you will die.

C2. Read and discuss with your partner and then write.

1) How are machines and human beings different? Study the last stanza and write.

Though machines are powerful bigger in size and weight, they are nothing before man as they are the children of man's brain.

2) Do you observe any rhyme scheme in each stanza. If you do write the words that rhyme to get her.

Mine - design, pit - fit, ask - task, play - day, ask - task, drive- dive, light -write, live - forgive, lie - die, eyes - size, again- brain.

3) List all the words that suggest motion.

1) pull 2) haul 3) push 4) drive

5) print 6) plough 7) weave 8) heat

9) light 10) run 11) jump 12) swim

13) fly 14) dive 15) see 16) hear

17) count 18) read 19) write

4) Identify other words which are repeated in the poem like 'and'

Repeated words in poem are- Were, can, we,

LUTHER BURBANK

C1. Answer the following questions.

1) Name the fields in which Luther Burbank's influence

prevails

His influence prevails in the scientific community among those who work in the fie1ds of agriculture horticulture, forestry and livestock.

2) When was Luther Burbank born?

Bur bank was horn on 7 March 1849.

3) What was Luther Burbank's goal in life?

Burbank’s goal in life was to devote his life to grow new

verities of plants.

4) Name the book that helped Burbank to decide on goal of his life?

The book that helped Burbank to decide his goal of his life was Variation of animals and plants under domestication written by Darwin.

5) Mention the name of the new variety of potato plant grown by Burbank?

The name of the new potato plant is "Idaho potato"

6) How was whether in the state of California?

The weather there was mild and the soil was rich and varied.

7) How many varieties of fruits did Burbank grow on an acre of his farm?

He grew several thousands of fruits in his one acre II of farm.

8) What is grafting?

Grafting is taking a piece 'of living material from one place and grow it on another plant or animal.

C2. Which of the following things was Burbank able to do

b eca u se o f h is exp erimen ta tio n ? (T ick o f f (√) a g a in st th e

true statement, and a (x) against others.

a) growing hundreds of varieties of apples. (√)

b) spending 1'5 years for a tree to bear fruit ( x )

c) Making a young plant yield fruit in a year or two (√)

d) growing about 526 varieties of apples in an acre of his farm (x)

Read and Write :

C3. Read and discuss your responses with your partner. Then write.

1) How did Burbank's genius benefit the life of a common

man?

The products of his genuine continue play a part in the day to day lives of people throughout the world.

2) Why did Burbank move from Massachusetts to

California?

He moved from his native place because the climate of his native place was not suitable for his work.

3) What did Burbank call his new home and why?

He called his new home "Santa Rose". Because he conducted experiments there for more than fifty years.

4) How did grafting help Burbank in his experimentation?

He would collect different kinds of domestic plants and by grafting them the plants grew strong and plentiful. An acre of his farm yielded several thousand different verities of fruits. This wonderful achievement was made possible by grafting many twigs on a single tree.

5) In what way did Burbank save space and speed up his experiments?

He was able to grow for example 526 different types of apples on the tree. It was possible for him not only to save space but also to speed up his experiments.

6) What were Burbank's experiments on cherry, blackberry, cactus and shasta daisy?

He developed an improve cherry, he found out thorn less

black berry a cactus without thorns that is largely used as

food for livestock. He discovered a peach tree that can with stand freezing weather or. He found out new flowers like

'Shasta Daisy' and rose that bears his name.

C4. Write a paragraph on each of the following.

1) Write a note of Burbank's early life.

Burbank was born on 7 March 1849 and was brought up on

a farm in the state of Massachusetts. He was all acted

towards years. But when he read Darwin's variation of animals and plants under domestication he decided to devote his life to grow new varieties of plants.

2) Describe the three techniques on which Burbank's experiments were based.

The three techniques on which his experiments were based are.

1) He would collect different kinds of domestic plants and bring in many foreign varieties of plants. When they were grown under different conditions they would prove strong, plentiful or hard or else show other changes or new qualities.

2) He grew many varieties of fruits and vegetables by changing water, food supply and temperature light or space other variations were active by crossing plants.

3) After the production of many varieties Burbank come to the final step. That was he could recognise and select the plants which showed desirable changes. He could also choose them for further experiments.

3) How did Burbank react when some of his efforts ended in failure?

Naturally many of his efforts ended in failure at one time

he crossed a tomato with a potato though a vegetable was.

VOCABULARY:

V1. Fill in the blanks with most appropriate describing words given in the box below.

1) rich community 2) desert soil

3) White black berry 4) thorn less cactus

5) Successful attempt 6) Scientific value.

Given below are some names. Classify them into categories of flowers, fruits and vegetables. You may consult a dictionary / encyclopaedia if you need.

THE AXE IN THE WOOD.

- Clifford Henry Dyment.

C1. Answer the following questions and share your responses with your partner.

1) What words in stanzas 1 and 2 mean

a) 100 years (century)

b) Scene (sight)

2) Make a list of all words that are used in the poem to describe the 'axe'.

Quick, sharp, glittering, glory.

3) Read the following words:- trunk, axe, wood, timber, tree which word does not fit is the above list.

Axe.

C2. Answer the following questions picking up the most appropriate one from those given in brackets.

1) What did the man strike with?

The man struck with an axe

2) Who were watching the sight of the man cutting the

tree?

People were watching the sight.

3) What did the tree look like?

Ans. The tree looked like strong tree.

C3. Read and discuss your responses with your partner:

1) Who do you think I refers to in this poem?

I refers to the speaker in the poem (poet).

2) Why do you think the poet stopped?

The poet stopped because he was attracted by the sight of cutting an old tree and the rhythmic sound of the stroke of fin axe.

3) Which line tells us that the tree is aged?

The Tree grown strong through many centuries. "This line tells us that the tree is aged.

4) Does the poem mean that cutting a tree is a huge loss for human beings?

Cutting a tree is huge loss for human beings. Today our

whole environment is polluted by cutting trees and destroying forests. In this poem poet cautions us to not to cut trees but grow more trees. Poet says had more good the old tree in it than a growing a tree instead of growing trees we have to maintain old and strong trees. The line

''there is more good in it than growing tree. Suggests it”

5) Do you think the poet wrote this poem while the tree was being cut? Support your answer picking up the relevant line from the poem.

The poet went to the sight when the tree was being cut.

The lines I stopped to watch a man strike at the trunk of a

tree grown strong through many centuries will support my

answer.

6) Do you think the poet has made his intention clear to the' reader at the end? Which lines support your answer? Poet says that in cutting that tree he saw death cut down a thousand men in front of tall lovey legacy of wood. Here poets intention is clear by cutting that huge and old tree which gives us plenty of timber and which 'is the gift of our fore fathers The lines "I saw death cut down a thousand men" But he also appeals that the if it falls it will cause the death of thousands of people in that tall lovely legacy of wood. These lines support our answer.

7) What message does the poem give us?

The poem gives us the harmful effects of poaching and

indiscriminate cutting of trees.

8) What do you learn about the trees from this poem? Trees live long. They live for centuries together. If it falls it is dangerous. We get timber in stack from the trees. Trees are tall and lovely. They are legacy of wood.

9) 'But I saw death cut down a thousand men' explain.

What does the poet mean by 'Lovely legacy of wood?'

But I saw death cut down a thousand of men. Here poet suggests trees support the lives of men. They give us shelter and shade. If you cut tree you are causing death to thousands of men. Here lovely legacy of wood means that

trees are handed over to us by our predecessors as gifts loll by will.

10) In this poem a sonnet cheek whether the poem has rhyme scheme?

This poem is a sonnet. It contains 14 lines. But the poem does not contain rhyme scheme.

11) Do you find any expression of irony in it?

In the second stanza people and poet enjoy the sight of cutting a tree they are watching with great interest. But no body wishes to stop the action even though they are against cutting a tree. This is the irony in the poem.

C 4. What is personified in the last stanza?

Death is personified in last stanza “I saw death cut down a thousand men Death is pers

SUPPLEMENTARY READER

THE STORY OF DHARMAVYADHA

I. Answer each of the following in a sentence or two.

1) Why was Kaushika very angry with the bird?

While Kaushika was sitting under a tree studying vedas. He was

disturbed by the loud twittering of a crane. So he was angry with the bird.

2) Why did the house wife delay in giving alms to Kaushika? The house wife delayed in giving alms to Koushika because she was attendinq to her husband who had just come home.

3) Who did she advise Koushika to meet?

She advised Koushika to meet Dharmavyadha who was living

in Mithila.

4) Why did Kaushika feel stunned at the words of Dharma

Vyadha?

Kaushika was stunned at the word of Dharmavyadha because Dharmavyadha told him that the chaste, woman had sent Kaushik to him.

5) What did Kaushika do after his visit to Dharmavyodha? After his visit to Dharmavyadha Kaushika spent his days in the service of his parents and in teaching Vedic lore he had mastered.

6) What did sage Markandeya tell yudhishtira at the end?

At the end Sage Markandeya told yudhishtira that in every

division of people there are enlightened souls who can guide even scholars and masters of Vedic teachings.

II. Answer each of the following in a paragraph.

1) Narrate how Kaushika felt on listening to the lady?

While the chaste lady told him that she was not the crane to

be burnt at his glare. He wondered. He was confounded

because he began.to think how that lady knew that he had

burnt the bird.

2) What are the essentials of Dharma according to

Dharmavyadha?

The essentials of Dharma according to Dharma Vyadha are- One should engage oneself in one's inherent duty to be truthful To be patient and merciful, not be elated in hap pines or depressed in difficulties, to be engaged in prayer and tapes appreciate the good qualities in others, not to boast to have bath in sacred rivers, to visit holy places and to

service our parents and the guru who has bestowed knowledge on LIS.

3) What can we learn from the story of DharmaVyodha?

We learn many things from this story. Though we ate learned we should not boast. Though we have divine power we

should not misuse it we must appreciate good qualities in

others. We should serve our parents and guru. We should know that in every division of people there are enlightened souls who can guide even scholars and masters of Vedic teachings We should impart the knowledge we have mastered to others.

THE EARTHQUAKE

I. Answer each of the following in a sentence each.

1) What was the wild imagination of the hare?

The hare imagined if the earth were to fall to pieces what would become of him.

2) Which event caused the crash?

A big and ripe bel fruit fell from the top of the tree on a bush it

caused the crash.

3) Name a few animals that joined the race?

The animals that joined the race were hares a deer, an

elephant, a tiger, rhinoceros, a buffaloes and a gazelle.

4) Which of the animals that joined the race was sensible one? How do you justify that?

The lion was sensible. When he heard the complaint he did not come to the quick conclusion. He went to the spot with the hare and detected the fact and came back to the animals and told them that they were not in danger. They could go back to their places and live as they lived before. So the lion was a sensible animal among all the animals.

5) What did the lion guess about the cause of the crash?

The lion thought himself and guessed that a ripe bel fruit fell

from above and made the crash.

6) What was the command given by the lion to the animals at the end?

The command given by the lion to the animals that he would go and find the truth. Till then he said in a commanding tone that they should stay there and they should not move till he came back.

II Write the answers for each of the following in about 50-6O

words:

1) It is said the mob cannot think do you agree? If so how does this story illustrate that? If you do not agree with the statement. How do you explain the behaviour of the animals? It is true that the mob cannot think. We agree with the statement. When something is told by some body the mob cannot think. They just follow what other reacts in the mob. Here in this story when the hare s aid that the earth is falling to pieces. Without thinking about the hare's statement they al so began to run with the hare. They had neither patience nor the wisdom of testing the statement. They lack rational power as the man and just blindly follow what other animals do. The same thing happened in this story. All the animals believed the statement of the hare and ran madly of curse they wore quite afraid of the statement and they wanted 10 save their lives from the earthquake. The same thing applies to mob als o.

2) Sum up what the lion did to verify the statement of the hare.

The lion after comprehending the situation came to know it was false before that he wanted to test the validity of the statement. The lion asked hare to sit on his back and asked other animals to wait for his arrival. He went to the spot as directed by the hare. He found a ripe bel falling from the top of the tree on the bush which had made the crash. The lion under- stood that it was neither earthquake nor any calamity. He came back and told all the animals what had happened and as ked them to return to their respective places.

LAL BAHADUR SHASTRY

I. Answer each of the following in a sentence or two

1) Why is October 2 a special day in the history of India? October 2, is 'the most important day in the history of India because it is the birth day of two great sons of India: One is the father of our nation Mahatma Gandhi and other is Lal Bahadur Shastry.

2) Where did Lal Bahadur have his education alter his studies

at School?

After his School education Lal Bahadur had his studies at

Vidyapita in Varanashi.

3) Name at least two positions that Lal Bahadur had as an administrator?

He was the Transport minister of U.P. He was the Railway Minister at the centre. He was the Home Minister and Prime Minister of India.

4) Why do you think Lal Bahadur Shastry refused to stay at

home even during the days of parole?

He had come home on parole to meet his daughter who was suffering from small pox. But unfortunately she died on the same day when Shastriji came to meet her. So he thought it was not proper to stay more as his purpose of coming was served. so after performing final rites he returned to the prison.

5) When did Lal Bahadur resign his post as Railway Minister? What was the reason he gave for this act?

When a railway accident took place in Arialur he accepted

moral responsibility and resigned his post of the Railway minister.

6) How did he respond to the pakistan's attack?

When Pakistan attacked Jammu and Kashmir Shastry declared in the parliament. Force will be met with force. He gave freedom to the army to take action. The Indian army defeated Pakistan and taught it a lesson.

II. Answer each of the following in a paragraph of 10-12 sentences.

1) Give an account of Lal Bahadur's education?

After his school studies Shastry went to Varanasi and Joined Kashi, Vidyapita. He studied there for four years. As a student he was very bright in subjects like philosophy Economics political Science and Social Science. He had to walk eight miles each way he was so poor that he could not buy a bicycle. He got degree

'Shastry' while he was studying at Kashi Vidyapita. He had to lead a hard life. His monthly expense was just two and half rupee.

2) Narrate anyone incident from Lal Bahadur Shastry's life which highlights his honesty.

While Lal Bahadur Shastry was in prison before Independence his daughter contracted small pox. In those days it was a deadly killer. Shastry got message. He sought the permission of the prison authority to see his ailing daughter. The Government agreed to release on parole. For 15 days Shastry appealed to the Government not release him on any condition. Government

agreed and released him on parole. He came to the house. Unfortunately the girl died on the same day. He performed the obsequies. He still had three or four days parole left but he decided to return to prison. His family pleaded with him But Shastry said "The perole is to the sake of my daughter. She is dead. It's not right that I should stay back' He went back to prison this incident shows how honest. Shastry was.

3) Imagine you are supposed to speak on the life of Lal Bahadur

Shastry and you are given not more than 3 minutes for your speech. Note down the points based on which you can develop your talk.

With the mango seller- Once Shastri and his uncle went for small walk. It was getting dark an old man who was selling mangoes saw them he said "It is getting dark. I will sell all these at half an anna for hundred mangoes Lalbahadur and his uncle agreed to buy. The vendor started counting 1, 2, 3, 4 when he reached 50 Shastri asked him to stop. He gave the vendor one anna. Later his uncle asked him why he did so Shastri replied. A hundred mangoes for an anna is too cheap. He was prepared to suffer a loss because it was getting dark. It was hard on him. Therefore I gave him one anna instead of half an anna". This incident shows Shastri's Sincerity.

Resignation- When he was the Minister for Railway an accident took place at Arialur. Shastriji took the moral responsibility of the situation and resigned his post of Minister, though he was not directly responsible for the accident. This incident also shows how sincere shastri's was.

THE FIRST WOMAN IN SPACE.

I. Answer each of the following.

1) When did Valentina go round the earth what was great about this event?

After months of rigorous training she was chosen to fly into

outer space. It was a proudest moment in her life whom she

talked from outer space to millions of her fellow men on the earth about her thrilling experience.

2) How did Valentina help her mother? What else was she doing at the same time?

Valentina helped her mother by working in a tyre factory and then at a textile mill. At the same time she attended some classes at Yaroslavl. In 1960 she graduated from a trade school.

3) How did people all over the world share joys at the historic moment?

Crowds of people all over the world simply danced for joy when

they heard that Mrs. Valentine was going round the globe.

4) What did she say on landing after the space flight?

On being asked about her flight she said smilingly that the

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